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| 5294870618 | Law of Independent assortment | Each member of a pair of homologous chromosomes separates independently of the members of other pairs so the results are random (i.e. genes are not linked) | 0 | |
| 5294870619 | Law of Segregation | Mendel's law that states that the pairs of homologous chromosomes separate in meiosis so that only one chromosome from each pair is present in each gamete | 1 | |
| 5294870620 | Homozygous | An organism that has two identical alleles for a trait | 2 | |
| 5294870621 | Heterozygous | An organism that has two different alleles for a trait | 3 | |
| 5294870622 | Monohybrid cross | A cross between individuals that involves one pair of contrasting traits | 4 | |
| 5294870623 | Dihybrid cross | A cross between two individuals, concentrating on two definable traits | 5 | |
| 5294870624 | Allele | An alternative form of a gene. | 6 | |
| 5294870625 | Gene | A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA (or RNA, in some viruses). Codes for RNA, polypeptides, and proteins | 7 | |
| 5294870626 | Dominant allele | An allele that will determine phenotype if just one is present in the genotype | 8 | |
| 5294870627 | Recessive allele | An allele that is masked when a dominant allele is present | 9 | |
| 5294870628 | Phenotype | An organism's physical appearance, or visible traits. | 10 | |
| 5294870629 | Genotype | An organism's genetic makeup (alleles for a particular gene) | 11 | |
| 5294870630 | Test cross | the crossing of an individual of unknown genotype with a homozygous recessive individual to determine the unknown genotype | 12 | |
| 5294870631 | Rule of multiplication | A statistical rule stating that the probability of two independent events occuring together is the product of their individual probabilities. | 13 | |
| 5294870632 | Rule of addition | A statistical rule stating that the probability of either of two indpendent (and mutually exclusive) events ocuring is the sum of their individual probabilities minus the probability of them both occuring together. | 14 | |
| 5294870633 | Incomplete dominance | A type of inheritance in which two contrasting alleles contribute to the individual a trait not exactly like either parent; blending inheritance. | 15 | |
| 5294870634 | Co dominance | Both alleles will be expressed; expressed equally without blending | 16 | |
| 5294870635 | Pleiotropy | A single gene having multiple effects on an individuals phenotype | 17 | |
| 5294870636 | Epistasis | A type of gene interaction in which one gene alters the phenotypic effects of another gene that is independently inherited. | 18 | |
| 5294870637 | Cystic fibrosis | an autosomal recessive disorder creating thick sticky mucus which is hard to expel | 19 | |
| 5294870638 | Tay-Sachs | A human genetic disease caused by a recessive allele for a dysfunctional enzyme, leading to accumulation of certain lipids in the brain. Seizures, blindness, and degeneration of motor and mental performance usually become manifest a few months after birth. | 20 | |
| 5294870639 | Sickle Cell | A human genetic disease of red blood cells caused by the substitution of a single amino acid in the hemoglobin protein; creating sickle shaped red blood cells that collect in vessels causing pain and reduced gas exchange | 21 | |
| 5294870640 | Huntington's disease | progressive hereditary disorder characterized by uncontrolled movements- changes in cortex & cerebellum | 22 | |
| 5294870641 | Amniocentesis | A technique of prenatal diagnosis in which amniotic fluid, obtained by aspiration from a needle inserted into the uterus, is analyzed to detect certain genetic and congenital defects in the fetus. | 23 | |
| 5294870642 | Chorionic villus sampling | a prenatal test in which a sample of chorionic villi is removed from the placenta for testing. | 24 | |
| 5294870643 | Sex-linked genes | a gene that is carried on the X or Y chromosome | 25 | |
| 5294870644 | X chromosome | The sex chromosome found in both men and women. Females have two X chromosomes; males have one. An X chromosome from each parent produces a female child. | 26 | |
| 5294870645 | Y chromosome | The sex chromosome found only in males. When paired with an X chromosome from the mother, it produces a male child | 27 | |
| 5294870646 | Hemophilia | A hereditary disease where blood does not coagulate to stop bleeding | 28 | |
| 5294870647 | X-inactivation | a process by which one of the two copies of the X chromosome present in female mammals is randomly inactivated creating a Barr body | 29 | |
| 5294870648 | Barr Body | The inactivated X chromosome | 30 | |
| 5294870649 | Genetic recombination | the regrouping of genes in an offspring that results in a genetic makeup that is different from that of the parents | 31 | |
| 5294870650 | Linkage map | A genetic map based on the frequencies of recombination between markers during crossing over of homologous chromosomes. | 32 | |
| 5294870651 | Map unit | in chromosome mapping, an increment of 1 percent in the frequency of crossing-over | 33 | |
| 5294870652 | Mutation | an event that changes the nucleotide sequence in a gene, creating a novel sequence which may have no function or a new function | 34 | |
| 5294870653 | Point mutation | Gene mutation involving changes in one or a few nucleotides | 35 | |
| 5294870654 | Deletion | A Frame-Shift mutation from the loss of one or more nucleotide pairs from a gene. | 36 | |
| 5294870655 | Insertion | A Frame-Shift mutation from the gain of one or more nucleotide pairs from a gene. | 37 | |
| 5294870656 | Frameshift | Mutation that shifts the "reading" frame of the genetic message by inserting or deleting a nucleotide | 38 | |
| 5294870657 | Linked genes | Genes located close enough together on a chromosome that they tend to be inherited together. | 39 | |
| 5294870658 | Carrier | A person whose genotype includes a gene that is not expressed in the phenotype. | 40 |
