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| 7627476399 | Element | substance that cannot be broken down to other substances by chemical reactions |  | 0 |
| 7627476400 | Molecules | Groups of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds. | 1 | |
| 7627476402 | Electronegativity | Measure of tendency for the ability of an atom to attract electrons towards it. |  | 2 |
| 7627476403 | Ionic Bond | This type of bond is formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another and then there is an attraction between the atoms | 3 | |
| 7627476405 | Ions | Atoms that do not have a neutral charge |  | 4 |
| 7627476406 | Covalent Bond | A bond where electron pairs are shared |  | 5 |
| 7627476407 | Non-polar Covalent Bond | Bond where electrons are shared equally. Often, the two atoms are identical, where the electronegativity is equal and so is the pull. |  | 6 |
| 7627476408 | Polar Covalent Bond | Bond where electrons are shared unequally. Electronegativity numbers are different, unequal electron distribution, and electrons forms bond closer to atom with higher electronegativity. It produces a pole, with weaker pole (+) and stronger pole(-). |  | 7 |
| 7627476409 | Hydrogen bond | Its a weak bond between molecules. It forms when polar positive H molecules attract the polar negative molecules of other covalently bonded molecules, usually O and N. |  | 8 |
| 7627476410 | Excellent Solvent | Property of water that makes ionic substances soluble (dissolvable) in water because of the ions that forms the two poles. When polar covalent bonded substances interact with water and the poles becomes soluble. | 9 | |
| 7627476411 | Why don't non-polar substances dissolve in water? | These substances are hydrophobic and do not dissolve in water because they lack charged poles. |  | 10 |
| 7627476412 | High Specific Heat | Property of water that has to do with the change of temperature due to the absorption/loss of heat energy. This property is high in water as it changes temperature very slowly. | 11 | |
| 7627476413 | Expansion upon Freezing | Property of water that causes ice to float | 12 | |
| 7627476414 | Cohesion | Water Molecules are attracted to each other | 13 | |
| 7627476415 | Adhesion | Water Molecules are attracted to something else | 14 | |
| 7627476416 | Organic Molecules | Molecules that have carbon | 15 | |
| 7627476417 | Macromolecules | Large organic molecules with many carbons. Carbohydrates, Lipids, Nucleic Acids, and Proteins are big ones. |  | 16 |
| 7627476418 | Polymer | Molecules that consist of multiple monomers together | 17 | |
| 7627476419 | Functional Groups | Specific groups of molecules that are responsible for the characteristic of other molecules due to their make up. Main seven groups are hydroxyl, carboxyl, amino, phosphate, methyl, carbonyl ketone, and carbonyl aldehyde. | 18 | |
| 7627476427 | Carbohydrates | Macromolecule composed of elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio ((CH2O)n), respectively. They are used as storage forms of energy and they are structural molecules. |  | 19 |
| 7627476428 | Monosaccharides | Simplest kind of carbohydrates. It is a single sugar molecule. Glucose and fructose are its most common examples. |  | 20 |
| 7627476429 | Excellent Solvent | Property of water that allows it to dissolve polar substances easily | 21 | |
| 7627476431 | Glucose | Single sugar monomer. Its formula is that of C6H12O6. |  | 22 |
| 7627476432 | Disaccharide | 2 monomer sugar molecules joined by glycosidic linkages. Maltose and sucrose are examples. |  | 23 |
| 7627476434 | Hydrolysis Reaction | A process that breaks down large polymers into smaller subunits by adding water. |  | 24 |
| 7627476435 | Polysaccharides | Polymers or chains of repeating monosaccharide sububits. Glycogen and starch are examples. | 25 | |
| 7627476436 | Starch | Polymer of glucose molecules. It serves as a storage molecules for plant cells. |  | 26 |
| 7627476437 | Glycogen | Polysaccharide made up of glucose subunits. It is a major energy storage molecule in animal cells. |  | 27 |
| 7627476438 | Cellulose | Polymer of glucose. Serves as a structural molecule in plant cells. Only some organisms like bacteria can break down their bonds. |  | 28 |
| 7627476439 | Chitin | Polysaccharide of glucose. It serves as a structural molecule in walls of fungus cells and in exoskeleton of insects, other anthropods, and mollusks. |  | 29 |
| 7627476440 | Lipids | Diverse group of macromolecules that are generally hydrophobic. |  | 30 |
| 7627476441 | Fatty Acids (general) | Hydrocarbons with carboxyl group at one end. They are attached to a glycerol molecule. Used for energy storage. |  | 31 |
| 7627476442 | Hydrocarbons | Chains of covalently bonded Carbon and Hydrogen's. |  | 32 |
| 7627476444 | Saturated Fatty Acid | Lipid Structure with many single bonds- solid at room temperature |  | 33 |
| 7627476445 | Unsaturated Fatty Acid | Lipid Structure with many double bonds- liquid at room temperature |  | 34 |
| 7627476446 | Phospholipids | A lipid structure but with one of its fatty acids replaced with a phosphate group. Its tails are nonpolar hydrophobic while its phosphate head is hydrophilic and polar. This provides the structure and support of the cell membrane. |  | 35 |
| 7627476447 | Steroids | Type of lipid used as hormones in the body. |  | 36 |
| 7627476449 | Proteins | Macromolecule that are polymers of amino acids. Many diverse uses in the body. |  | 37 |
| 7627476450 | Amino Acids | Polymers and the building blocks of proteins. They are bonded convalently. They are constructed with a central (alpha) carbon bounded to an amino group, carboxyl group, an H-atom, and the R-groups (side chain groups). |  | 38 |
| 7627476451 | Polypeptide Chains | Basic units of Proteins. Chain of amino acids joined through peptide bonds. Also called a peptide because they have become a polymer. |  | 39 |
| 7627476452 | Structural Proteins | Protein Use: These type of proteins contribute to the physical support of cell or tissue and movement. They may be extracellular like collagen in cartilage, bone, and tendons, or intracellular like proteins in cell membrane. Another example the keratin |  | 40 |
| 7627476454 | Transport Protein | Protein use: This type of protein carries important materials in and out of the cell. Hemoglobin is an example that carries oxygen in the circulation and the cytochromes carry electrons during cellular respiration. |  | 41 |
| 7627476458 | Enzymes | Protein use: Biological catalyst that act by increasing the rate of chemical reactions important for biological functions. Amylase, lipase, and ATPase are examples. |  | 42 |
| 7627476459 | Primary Structure | Sequence of amino acids in a straight line. |  | 43 |
| 7627476460 | Secondary Structure | Protein local 3-D shape, determined by hydrogen bonding between amino acid backbone molecules |  | 44 |
| 7627476461 | Tertiary Structure | Protein total 3-D shape, determined by interactions between amino acid R-groups |  | 45 |
| 7627476462 | Quaternary Structure | Protein assembled from two or more chains. Hemoglobin is an example as it consist of four peptide chains that are held together by the interactions between the R-groups. |  | 46 |
| 7627476463 | Nucleic Acid | A macromolecule that contains and transmits our genetic code. |  | 47 |
| 7627476464 | DNA | Nucleic Acid polymer that is double stranded and uses the bases A, G, C, T |  | 48 |
| 7627476465 | Adenine | A two ring purine nitrogenous base that binds to thymine. (or toUracil if it is in a RNA molecule) |  | 49 |
| 7627476466 | Guanine | A two ring purine nitrogenous base that binds to Cytosine. |  | 50 |
| 7627476467 | Thymine | A one ring pyrimidine nitrogenous base that binds to adenine. |  | 51 |
| 7627476468 | Cytosine | A one ring nitrogenous base that binds to guanine. |  | 52 |
| 7627476470 | RNA | Nucleic Acid polymer that is single stranded and uses the bases A, G, C, U |  | 53 |
| 7627476474 | Cation | Positively charged ion due to loss of electron | 54 | |
| 7627476475 | Anion | Negatively charged ion due to gain of electron | 55 | |
| 7627476484 | ATP | Adenosine Triphosphate- a nucleotide that is the "universal currency molecule" for cells | 56 | |
| 7627497811 | Compound | Substance consisting of two or more different elements in a fixed ratio | 57 | |
| 7627511854 | Elements that make up 96% of living matter | Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen (CHON) | 58 | |
| 7627571309 | Dehydration Synthesis | A process that builds large polymers from smaller subunits by taking water away. | 59 | |
| 7634333512 | Isotope | Atoms with different numbers of neutrons- radioactive ones are useful in dating of fossils | 60 | |
| 7634342034 | Valence Shell | Outermost layer of electrons- involved in bonding | 61 | |
| 7634346383 | Structural Formula | Represents both atoms/elements and bonds in molecule | 62 | |
| 7634350323 | Molecular Formula | Only shows number of atoms/elements in molecule | 63 | |
| 7634370369 | High Heat of Vaporization | Property of water where it takes a lot of energy to make water turn from liquid to gas | 64 | |
| 7634372965 | Buffers | Substances that minimize changes in concentrations of H+ and OH- in a solution | 65 | |
| 7634380290 | pH | Negative log of hydrogen ion concentration of solution | 66 | |
| 7634387262 | Monomer | Small molecular subunit of a polymer | 67 | |
| 7634390686 | Properties of Carbon | Can make 4 bonds, likes to make binds with itself and with other atoms to make large molecules | 68 | |
| 7634397534 | Denaturation | Proteins lose their secondary and tertiary structure due to breaking of bonds. If they lose their shape, they can't function. Could be due to changes in pH, temp, etc. | 69 | |
| 7634412548 | Chaperone proteins | Help other proteins to fold correctly | 70 |
