Terms : Hide Images
| 13137265423 | neuron | a specialized cell transmitting nerve impulses; a nerve cell. |  | 0 |
| 13137265424 | glial cells | cells that support neurons (ex: Schwann cells) |  | 1 |
| 13137265425 | cell body | contains nucleus of the neuron |  | 2 |
| 13137265426 | dendrite | receive stimuli; highly branched extensions |  | 3 |
| 13137265427 | axon | conduct and propagate impulses |  | 4 |
| 13137265428 | Schwann cell | creates the myelin sheath |  | 5 |
| 13137265429 | node of Ranvier | gap between myelin sheaths that expose the axon, help accelerate impulses |  | 6 |
| 13137265430 | sensory neuron | pick up stimuli from the environment and send to the brain |  | 7 |
| 13137265431 | motor neuron | sends impulses to muscles to create movement |  | 8 |
| 13137265432 | interneuron | neurons in the CNS that communicate internally and connect sensory to motor neurons; are responsible for reflexes |  | 9 |
| 13137265433 | resting potential | membrane potential of a neuron that is not firing, -70 mV |  | 10 |
| 13137265434 | sodium-potassium pump | protein that uses active transport to move 3 Na out of the membrane and 2 K in, which resets the neuron to resting potential | 11 | |
| 13137265435 | action potential | rapid change in the voltage between the membrane of a neuron in response to a stimulus | 12 | |
| 13137265436 | threshold | the voltage needed to open the voltage gated Na channels and start the unstoppable flow of Na into the cell, -55 mV | 13 | |
| 13137265437 | depolarization | the massive influx of Na causes the cell's voltage to become less negative, all the way up to 35 mV | 14 | |
| 13137265438 | repolarization | Na channels close and K channels open, which allows K out of cell so the cell is more negative | 15 | |
| 13137265439 | undershoot | because K channels are slow to close, the voltage reaches -80 mV, and causes the Na/K pump to reset the neuron | 16 | |
| 13137265440 | refractory period | period where the neuron resets using the Na/K pump before a neuron can be fired again | 17 | |
| 13137265441 | synapse | transmission of information is from one neuron to the next |  | 18 |
| 13137265442 | neurotransmitter | molecule that neurons use in synaptic transmission |  | 19 |
| 13137265443 | synaptic vesicle | hold the neurotransmitters in the presynaptic neuron |  | 20 |
| 13137265444 | postsynaptic receptor | receive neurotransmitters and open Na gated ion channels to start another action potential |  | 21 |
| 13137265445 | synaptic cleft | space between the pre and postsynaptic neurons |  | 22 |
| 13137265446 | myelin sheath | insulates the axon and speeds transmission of the impulse | 23 | |
| 13137265447 | afferent pathway | signal received from outside your nervous system and conducted toward it | 24 | |
| 13137265448 | efferent pathway | carry signals away from the central nervous system toward muscle cells or glandular cells | 25 | |
| 13137265449 | dopamine | neurotransmitter that controls the brain's reward and pleasure center | 26 | |
| 13137265450 | serotonin | neurotransmitter responsible for maintaining mood balance | 27 | |
| 13137265451 | GABA | neurotransmitter that inhibits nerve impulse from being transmitted | 28 | |
| 13137265452 | ion-gated channels | proteins responsible for allowing sodium or potassium to diffuse into or out of the axon | 29 | |
| 13137265453 | sodium | ion responsible for depolarization | 30 | |
| 13137265454 | potassium | ion responsible for repolarization | 31 | |
| 13137265455 | calcium | ion that signals vesicles to release neurotransmitters | 32 | |
| 13141259667 | axon hillock | the last site in the soma where membrane potentials propagated from synaptic inputs are summated before being transmitted to the axon. | 33 |
