The AP Exam requires you to know the general structure of a nucleotide, the names of the nucleotides, which are purines or pyrimidines, and the differences between DNA and RNA.
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| 14696404543 | *nucleic acid | *kind of macromolecule composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphosus (CHOPN) that stores, transfers, and expresses genetic information |  | 0 |
| 14696404544 | *the hydrogen bonds between the purines and pyrimidines | *why is DNA more stable than RNA? | 1 | |
| 14696404545 | *nucleotide | *the monomer of a nucleic acid, composed of a phosphate group, a five-carbon sugar, and a nitrogen base |  | 2 |
| 14696404546 | *dehydration synthesis | *a kind of condensation reaction in which water is removed in order to join together nucleotides | 3 | |
| 14696404547 | phosphodiester bond | linkage that results from dehydration synthesis of the phosphate group of the first nucleotide to 3' carbon of the five-carbon sugar of the next nucleotide |  | 4 |
| 14696404548 | *purines | *double-ringed nitrogen base such as adenine or guanine |  | 5 |
| 14696404549 | how to remember that adenine and guanine are purines | pure silver - pure for purines; Ag is the chemical symbol for silver - A for adenine and g for guanine | 6 | |
| 14696404550 | *pyrimidine | *single-ringed nitrogen base such as cytosine, uracil, or thymine |  | 7 |
| 14696404551 | how to remember Cytosine, Uracil, and Thymine are PYrimidines | CUT the Py | 8 | |
| 14696404552 | *DNA | *deoxyribonucleic acid; a polymer of nucleotides that stores and transmits genetic information in the order of its nitrogen bases |  | 9 |
| 14696404553 | double helix | term used to describe the arrangement of a DNA strand |  | 10 |
| 14696404554 | *RNA | *ribonucleic acid; a polymer of nucleotides that transfers genetic information | 11 | |
| 14696404555 | *how RNA differs from DNA | *the sugar in RNA is ribose; Uracil bonds with Adenine; RNA is single-stranded | 12 | |
| 14696404556 | *how DNA differs from RNA | *the sugar in DNA is deoxyribose; Thymine bonds with Adenine; DNA is double-stranded | 13 | |
| 14696404557 | mRNA, tRNA, rRNA | the three kinds of RNA | 14 | |
| 14696404558 | anti-parallel | term meaning that the two strands of a DNA molecule run in opposite direction of each other; one is upside-down to the other |  | 15 |
| 14696404559 | *hydrogen bond | *a weak bond that holds the nitrogen bases to each other | 16 | |
| 14696404560 | *thymine | *in DNA, adenine only bonds with___________and is held together with two hydrogen bonds | 17 | |
| 14696404561 | *cytosine | *guanine only bonds with____________and is held together with three hydrogen bonds | 18 | |
| 14696404562 | *uracil | *in RNA, adenine only bonds with__________ | 19 | |
| 14696404563 | complementary base pairing | in DNA, adenine only bonds with thymine and guanine only bonds with cytosine | 20 | |
| 14696404564 | *5'→3' direction | *the direction in which the leading strand of DNA is arranged, beginning with a phosphate group attached to the fifth carbon of the deoxyribose carbon, and ending where the next nucleotide would attach to the third deoxyribose carbon |  | 21 |
| 14696404565 | 3'→5' direction | the direction in which the lagging strand of DNA is arranged, beginning with a phosphate group attached to the third carbon of the deoxyribose carbon, and ending where the next nucleotide would attach to the fifth deoxyribose carbon | 22 | |
| 14696404566 | James Watson and Francis Crick | scientists who discovered the structure DNA | 23 | |
| 14696404567 | DNA replication | process used to make a copy of a DNA strand | 24 | |
| 14696404568 | transcription | the copying of the DNA sequence onto RNA | 25 | |
| 14696404569 | translation | the creation of a polypeptide from the information transcribed from DNA | 26 | |
| 14696404570 | genome | the complete set of DNA in a living organism | 27 |
