This vocabulary set includes classes of organic molecules as well as examples of each
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| 8975818539 | Macromolecules | Molecules composed of thousands of atoms: the four main classes being carbohydrates, lipids, prteins, and nucleic acids | 0 | |
| 8975818540 | Polymer | Chainlike molecules, consisting of many similar or identical building blocks linked by covalent bonds. | 1 | |
| 8975818541 | Monomer | The building blocks of polymers polymers: connected by covalent bonds. | 2 | |
| 8975818542 | Dehydration Synthesis | Removing water to create a bond. |  | 3 |
| 8975818543 | Hydrolysis | Adding water to break a bond |  | 4 |
| 8975818544 | Carbohydrates | A macromolecule made up of C, H and O, with a 2:1 ratio between the hydrogen and oxygen. | 5 | |
| 8975818545 | Monosaccharides | Simple sugars with 1 ring: Provides immediate energy, classified by the amount of carbons |  | 6 |
| 8975818546 | Disaccharides | Double sugars with 2 rings |  | 7 |
| 8975818547 | Polysaccharides | Polymers, with many rings, joined by glucosidic linkages. Acts as an energy storage macromolecule, building materials for cells or whole organisms | 8 | |
| 8975818552 | Starch | storage polymer of glucose in PLANTS, uses alpha linkages |  | 9 |
| 8975818553 | Cellulose | Made up cell walls of plants, using beta linkages |  | 10 |
| 8975818554 | Glycogen | Branched polysaccharide of glucose, used for storage in animals |  | 11 |
| 8975818555 | Chitin | Makes up the exoskeleton of pill bugs; extremely strong, contains nitrogen-containing appendage on each glucose. Structural support for the cell walls of many fungi. | 12 | |
| 8975818556 | Lipids | nonpolar class of molecules. Have C, H and O, but not in a 2:1 ratio. | 13 | |
| 8975818557 | Triacylglycerols | (Fats): Store large amounts of energy, made up of 1 glycerol + 3 fatty acids -> 1 fat + 3 water molecules. Functions as energy storage, to cushion vital organs, and insulation. | 14 | |
| 8975818559 | Fatty Acid | Carboxyl group attached to long hydrocarbon chain. |  | 15 |
| 8975818561 | Saturated fatty acids | Fatty acids with single bonds, hydrogen at every possible position, a straight shape, from an animal source. Solid at room temperature. |  | 16 |
| 8975818562 | Unsaturated fatty acids | Fatty acids with double and single bonds, without hydrogens at every possible position, a kinked/bent shape, from a plant source. Liquid at room temperature. |  | 17 |
| 8975818565 | Proteins | Polymer of one or more chains of amino acids with diverse | 18 | |
| 8975818568 | Enzymes | Recognize and bind to specific substrates, facilitating a chemical reaction | 19 | |
| 8975818569 | Primary Structure | The unique sequence of amino acids, determined by DNA. Changing this affects a protein's conformation and ability to function. |  | 20 |
| 8975818570 | Secondary Structure | Results from hydrogen bonds at regular intervals doing the polypeptide backbone, typically developed as an alpha helix or a beta pleated sheet. |  | 21 |
| 8975818571 | Tertiary Structure | The protein has folded up upon itself, held together by hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, Van der Waals reactions, or disulfide bridges |  | 22 |
| 8975818572 | Quarternary structure | Union of 2+ polypeptide subunits |  | 23 |
| 8975818573 | Enzymes | Speeds up the rate of reactions, but are not consumed by the reaction. Lowers the activation energy of a reaction, and makes it easier to perform these reactions. | 24 | |
| 8975818574 | Substrate | A reactant that binds to an enzyme | 25 | |
| 8975818575 | Active Site | A pocket/groove on the surface of a protein on the surface of the protein into which the substrate fits. The substrate is held to this area through weak interactions, such as hydrogen bonds or Van der Waals. | 26 | |
| 8975818576 | Lock and Key Hypothesis | Substrates fit into enzymes like a key fits into a lock | 27 | |
| 8975818579 | Competitive Inhibitors | Blocks the active site from having a substrate meet. Acts as a feedback mechanism | 28 | |
| 8975818582 | Nucleic Acids | An organic compound made up of a pentose sugar, phosphate, and nitrogen base. The three types are DNA, RNA and ATP | 29 | |
| 8975818583 | Ribonucleic acid (RNA) | Many types of instructional nucleic acid, which is directed by DNA and contributes to protein production | 30 | |
| 8975818584 | Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) | Provides the genetic coding for organisms and directs RNA synthesis: synthesized through dehydration synthesis, connecting the sugar of one nucleotide to another with a strong phosphodiester. | 31 | |
| 8975818585 | Nucleotide | The building blocks of nucleic acids | 32 | |
| 8975818586 | Pentose sugar | Deoxyribose and ribose; a building block of nucleic acids | 33 | |
| 8975818587 | Phosphate | Makes DNA and RNA charged; a building block of nucleic acids | 34 | |
| 8975818588 | Nitrogen base | Adenosine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine, Uracil (RNA); building blocks of DNA. A+T are always together, and G+C are always together based on their properties. U is only found in RNA. | 35 | |
| 8975818589 | Purines | Adenosine, Guanine; have a double ring, where 1 6-membered ring joined to 1 5-membered ring | 36 | |
| 8975818590 | Pyrimidines | Thymine, Cytosine, Uracil; 1 6-membered ring | 37 | |
| 8975818591 | Phosphodiester Link | The bond between a sugar and a phosphate. | 38 | |
| 8975818592 | glucose | A sugar that is the major source of energy for the body's cells, monosaccharide example | 39 | |
| 8975818594 | ribose | A five-carbon sugar present in RNA |  | 40 |
| 8975818595 | deoxyribose | A five-carbon sugar that is a component of DNA nucleotides |  | 41 |
| 8975818596 | functional group | A specific configuration of atoms commonly attached to the carbon skeletons of organic molecules and involved in chemical reactions. | 42 | |
| 8975818597 | hydroxyl group | A functional group consisting of a hydrogen atom joined to an oxygen atom by a polar covalent bond. Molecules possessing this group are soluble in water and are called alcohols. |  | 43 |
| 8975818598 | carbonyl | C=O carbon double bonded to an oxygen |  | 44 |
| 8975818599 | carboxyl | A functional group present in organic acids and consisting of a single carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom and also bonded to a hydroxyl group. |  | 45 |
| 8975818600 | amino | functional group containing Nitrogen and two hydrogens |  | 46 |
| 8975818601 | phosphate group | A functional group consisting of a phosphorus atom covalently bonded to four oxygen atoms |  | 47 |
