Chapter 10 Vocabulary for AP Biology
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| 511079951 | Chlorophyll | Green Pigment Main photosynthetic pigmnet Absorbs primarily violet-blue and red wavelengths | |
| 511079952 | Mesophyll | primary site for photosynthesis the tissue in the interior of a leaf | |
| 511079953 | Stomata | CO2 enters and O2 exits through these pores Bottom of a leaf | |
| 511079954 | Vascular Tissue | veins which transport water from the roots and sugar from leaves to nonphotosynthesis parts of the plant. | |
| 511079955 | Stroma | dense fluid within chloroplast | |
| 511079956 | Thylakoids | dense interconnected membranous sacs | |
| 511079957 | Thylakoid Space | interior of a thylakoid | |
| 511079958 | Thylakoid lumen | interior of a thylakoid | |
| 511079959 | Grana | stacks of thylakoid | |
| 511079960 | Granum | singular of grana | |
| 511079961 | Chloroplast | sites of photosynthesis | |
| 511079962 | Photosynthesis | conversion of light energy into chemical energy stored in sugar and other organic molecules | |
| 511079963 | Photosynthesis Equation | 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + light --> C6H12O6 + 6 O2 | |
| 511079964 | Carbon Dioxide | source of carbon and is considered inorganic carbon | |
| 511079965 | Electromagnetic Spectrum | Electromagnetic Energy which travels in waves | |
| 511079966 | Photons | discrete particles, which is light and have a fixed quantity of energy | |
| 511079967 | Visible Light | Light we can see, which also drives photosynthesis | |
| 511079968 | Wavelength | Length of one wave | |
| 511079969 | Frequency | How frequently waves occur | |
| 511079970 | ROY G BIV | Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Indago, and Violet Wavelength shortens and frequency increases from red to violet | |
| 511079971 | Colors | Light we see is reflected off objects and light we dont see is absorbed by objects | |
| 511079972 | Long Wavelengths | Lower frequency and less energetic | |
| 511079973 | Short Wavelengths | High Frequency and more energetic | |
| 511079974 | White | All colors reflected | |
| 511079975 | Black | All colors absorbed | |
| 511079976 | Spectrophotometer | Used to measure a pigments ability to absorb light | |
| 511079977 | Absorption Spectrum | Measured on a spectrophotometer, shows the ability of a pigment to absorb various wavelengths of light | |
| 511079978 | Chlorophyll a | main photosynthetic green pigment, absorbs primarily violet-blue and red wavelengths | |
| 511079979 | Pigment | a molecule that absorbs wavelengths in the visible light spectrum | |
| 511079980 | Accessory Pigment | Absorbs intermediate wavelengths in the visible region of the spectrum | |
| 511079981 | Chlorophyll b | An accessory pigment that absorbs slightly different wavelengths than chlorophyll a | |
| 511079982 | Carotenoid | absorbs blue and blue-green wavelengths Beta-Carotene | |
| 511079983 | Light Reactions | Occur in thylakoid membrane and are also called light dependent reactions | |
| 511079984 | Photophosphorylation | Light is captured by pigments and used to convert ADP + Pi into ATP | |
| 511079985 | Photosystem | Consists of a reaction-center complex surrounded by light-harvesting complexes | |
| 511079986 | Light-Harvesting Complex | Contains chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids | |
| 511079987 | Primary Electron Acceptor | Converts light to chemical energy | |
| 511079988 | Photosystem 1 | Has P700 chlorophyll a in reaction-center complex | |
| 511079989 | Photosystem 2 | Has P680 chlorophyll a in reaction-center complex | |
| 511079990 | Linear (non-cyclic) Electron | A flow that transfers light energy and produces NADPH + H and ATP Uses both PS 1 and 2 Takes place in thylakoid membrane | |
| 511079991 | Photolysis | Water is split by a manganese-containing enzyme Splitting using light | |
| 511079992 | Cytochrome | Iron-containing carrier protein also found in mitochondrial electron transport | |
| 511079993 | Cyclic Electron Flow | Produces only ATP Takes place in thylakoid membrane Not as efficient as non-cyclic because no NADPH is produced Water is not split; O2 not produced Evolutionary Leftover | |
| 511079994 | Lumen | Thylakoid Space | |
| 511079995 | Calvin Cycle | Dark Reactions Light-Independent reactions Occurs in stoma, does not use light directly | |
| 511079996 | Carbon Fixation | Takes CO2 which is inorganic and turning it organic substance | |
| 511079997 | Rubisco | The most abundant protein on Earth Carbon Fixation is catalyzed by Rubisco | |
| 511079998 | Reduction | The carbon molecules made in Carbon Fixation are reduced into to G3P that can be used to make glucose or perform other processes | |
| 511079999 | 1 Cycle of Calvin Cycle | 1 CO2 is fixed 3 ATP are used 2 NADPH are used 1 RuBP is regenerated 6 cycles needed to make 1 glucose molecule | |
| 511080000 | Photorespiration | occurs in light, consumes oxygen, and produces carbon dioxide Occurs in some plants on hot days when their stomatas are closed Wasteful process and evolutionary relic | |
| 511080001 | C4 Photosynthesis | A method that bypasses photorespiration Happens in corn, sugarcane, and other plants in hot, dry environments Moves from mesophyll to bundle-sheath cells | |
| 511080002 | CAM Photosynthesis | A method to bypass photorespiration Happens in water-storing plants such as cacti and pineapples At night stomata opens and carbon dioxide is taken in and is fixed into a variety of organic acids During the day, organic acids release CO2 and can be used for Calvin Cycle |
