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AP Biology Quiz 2 Flashcards

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7378393314Interactive Viewcommunities as a superorganism. plants and animals band together by complex relationships0
7378410258Individualistic Viewcommunities do not achieve equilibrium they constantly change in response to disturbances and environmental variation1
7378422216species richnessnumber of species that live within a community2
7378426797relative abundancecommonness of a population3
7378430625dominant speciesoutnumber competitors (EX: tulip popular or sassafras)4
7378470258Trophic levelsorganisms grouped on how they obtain energy (feeding step)5
7378482527autotroph (producer)organism that uses energy from the sun or chemicals (bottom of food chain)6
7378487636heterotrophs (consumers)organism that cannot produce their own food they must obtain it (omnivore, carnivore, herbivore)7
7378498479scavengersdo not kill. eats already dead organisms8
7378501391decomposersbreaks down dead organisms for food9
7378506061detritivorefeeds off of dead plant and animal remains (earth worms and maggots)10
7378511151Food chainssimple model used to show how matter and energy flow (decreases by 10%)11
7378520220Food webshows all possible feedings for an organism12
7378527415Food web analysisnumber of links increased with species richness (# of links contributes to stability)13
7378537521Interspecific competitionview of competitions role (K selected believe competition has profound effect. R selected see more predation and physical disturbances)14
7378552135Predatorscan keep dominant species numbers in check so other species can survive. (elk reintroduced to Yellowstone)15
7378557220Keystone species (predators cont.)sea stars eliminated lead to increased mussels and outcompeting of barnacles and limpets (richeness decreased from 18 to 2-3)16
7378580470Herbivores rolered algae dominates when exposed to air at low tide. with the periwinkle snail eating small amounts, population stays in check17
7378605827intermediate disturbance hypothesisspecies richness is greatest in communities that experience frequent disturbances (moderate)18
7378614479Ecological successionsomewhat predictable series of changes in species composition19
7378632769Facilitation Hypothesis (succession hypothesis 1. Fit)species modify the local environment in ways that make it less suitable for themselves but more so for others (predictable. EX lichen on rock)20
7378647542Inhibition hypothesis (succession hypothesis 2. fIt)new species are prevented from occupying a community by the species already present (replacement only occurs when dominant species dies out, 1st to colonize becomes dominate)21
7378661693Tolerance hypothesis (succession hypothesis 3. fiT)succession occurs because competitively superior species replace the inferior (hardwoods replace pines b/c they tolerate shade)22
7378677432Disclimax community (DIS=DIS)disturbance inhibits succession (grasslands and fire)23

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