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| 7926050111 | Plasma Membrane | the boundary between the cell and environment. maintains homeostasis. composed of phospholipid bilayer | 0 | |
| 7926059948 | Selective Permeability | others enter others leave (water is easy, sodium and calcium only at certain times) | 1 | |
| 7926059949 | Phospholipid | lipids with a phosphate group attached. | 2 | |
| 7926555863 | Phospholipid Bilayer | a two-layered arrangement of phosphate and lipid molecules that form a cell membrane | 3 | |
| 7926062701 | Polar phosphate head | allows for cells to react with watery environment. (hydrophilic) | 4 | |
| 7926062702 | Fatty acid tail | Hydrophobic part of the bilayer | 5 | |
| 7926066466 | Fluid mosaic model | describes the plasma membrane. (fluid bc its flexible, mosaic bc of embedded proteins) | 6 | |
| 7926066467 | Cholesterol | prevents the fatty acid tails from sticking together. | 7 | |
| 7926069265 | Transport proteins | Allow for movement of large molecules and identification. (CFTR which pumps chloride ions out of the epithelial cells. water follows these ions creating a watery film over these cells) | 8 | |
| 7926071684 | Membrane proteins | Integral, Peripheral, Transport, Recognition, Receptor, Adhesion | 9 | |
| 7926075054 | Integral protein | embedded in the lipid bilayer | 10 | |
| 7926075055 | Peripheral protein | held to the membrane surface by noncovalent bond. (most on cytoplasmic side, some apart of cytoskeleton) | 11 | |
| 7926086238 | Transport protein | help move things in and out of cell | 12 | |
| 7926088678 | Recognition protein | recognize the cell | 13 | |
| 7926088679 | Receptor protein | recognize and bind molecules from other cells (insulin) | 14 | |
| 7926093452 | cell adhesion protein | helps to stick | 15 | |
| 7926095794 | Passive transport | movement across the membrane via diffusion of high to low concentration (gradient, NO ENERGY) | 16 | |
| 7926095795 | Osmosis | diffusion of water |  | 17 |
| 7926099548 | Facilitated diffusion | helped by proteins |  | 18 |
| 7926099549 | Diffusion | High to low concentration. (continuous) |  | 19 |
| 7926102930 | Substances moved through diffusion | nonpolar inorganic gasses (oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide) nonpolar organic molecules (steroid hormones) water small enough to slip through | 20 | |
| 7926116869 | Transport proteins (facilitated diffusion) | Channel proteins and carrier proteins | 21 | |
| 7926122212 | channel protein | hydrophilic channel where water and ions can freely pass. (gated- open and close in response to voltage changes or signal molecules) | 22 | |
| 7926125562 | carrier protein | binds to specific molecules. (glucose, amino acids) | 23 | |
| 7926125563 | isotonic | concentration is equal on both sides |  | 24 |
| 7926125564 | hypotonic | more water outside than inside. causes cell to expand and burst. (distilled water) |  | 25 |
| 7926127546 | hypertonic | More water inside than outside. causes cell to shrink. (lower water more solute) |  | 26 |
| 7926129623 | osmotic pressure | When the solution stops rising because the weight of raised solution balances the tendency of water molecules to move up the tube | 27 | |
| 7926129624 | turgor pressure | when osmosis drives water into cells of stems and leaves of plants. Cell wall expands and begins to push tightly against each other. |  | 28 |
| 7926131972 | plasmolysis | loss of osmotic pressure causes plant cells to pull away from the cell wall. |  | 29 |
| 7926131973 | Aerobic cellular respiration | releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen. (best way for energy) | 30 | |
| 7926147439 | Anaerobic respiration (fermentation) | releases energy from food molecules by producing ATP in the absence of oxygen. (not good for energy) | 31 | |
| 7926147440 | Alcoholic fermentation | Anaerobic. used to make beer/wine/bread | 32 | |
| 7926150451 | Lactic Acid fermentation | Anaerobic. used by muscle cells when the body cannot supply enough oxygen. (muscle soreness, yogurt, pickles, sour cream) | 33 | |
| 7926154320 | Chemosynthesis | chemicals used to produce energy. (hydrogen sulfide commonly used. archaebacteria) | 34 | |
| 7926154321 | Functions of Active Transport | Uptake of molecules from surroundings when the concentration is lower within the cell. Removal of waste when concentrations are higher outside the cell. Maintenance of constant intracellular concentrations of hydrogen, sodium, potassium, and calcium | 35 | |
| 7926157303 | Membrane Potential | Active transport of ions contributes to a voltage across the plasma membrane. (electrical potential difference. Used by nerve cells for transmission of impulse) | 36 | |
| 7926157362 | Primary Active Transport | Movement of positively charged ions across the membrane. (same protein that transports substance also hydrolyzes ATP to power transport) | 37 | |
| 7926162454 | Proton pump (H+ pump) | Keeps pH within the cell low. (lysosomes of animals and vacuoles of plants) Generates membrane potential. (prokaryotes, plants, and fungi) | 38 | |
| 7926165059 | Calcium pump (Ca+2) | Pushes calcium from the cytoplasm to the cells exterior and from the cytosol into vesicles of the ER. (Normally higher outside the cell and the ER. Used for muscle contraction and pollen formation) | 39 | |
| 7926171075 | Sodium-Potassium pump (Na+/K+) | Pushes 3 sodium molecules out and brings in 2 potassium molecules. results in the accumulation of positive charges outside the cell and the inside of the cell becoming negative. | 40 | |
| 7926193988 | Electrochemical gradient | Concentration differences between the inside and outside of the cell. | 41 | |
| 7930211741 | PRACTIC | Peripheral, receptor, adhesion, carrier, transport, integral, channel | 42 | |
| 7930211742 | RUM | Removal of waste, uptake of nutrients, maintenance of homeostasis | 43 | |
| 7930211743 | PACKS | Proton pump, active transport, calcium pump, potassium/sodium pump. | 44 |
