*****READ THIS*****
************************
This is a study guide under the subject of Ecology for the AP Biology Test. Good luck!
Pt. 1
Pt. 2 is located here:
http://quizlet.com/863193/ap-biology-review-ecology-part-2-flash-cards/
-----
PS More Biology Flash Cards I made for the midterm. Contains useful information
http://quizlet.com/689375/biology-2-ap-midterm-review-part-1-flash-cards/
Terms : Hide Images
| 23193621 | Ecology | The study of the distribution and abundance of organisms and their interactions with the world and others | 0 | |
| 23193622 | Population | Group of individuals all of the same SPECIES LIVING in the SAME AREA. | 1 | |
| 23193623 | Community | Group of populations living in the same area. | 2 | |
| 23193624 | Ecosystem | This describes the interrelationships between the organisms in a community and the environment. | 3 | |
| 23193625 | Biosphere | This is composed of all the regions on the earth that contains living things. IE soil, oceans, lower 10 km of the atmosphere. | 4 | |
| 23193626 | Habitat | Place where organisms live. Can be described through temperature, soil quality, water salinity. | 5 | |
| 23193627 | Niche | Describes all the biotic (living) and abiotic (nonliving) resources in the environment used by an organism. | 6 | |
| 23193628 | Population Ecology | Study of the growth, abundance, and distribution of populations. | 7 | |
| 23193629 | Size (of a population) | Total number of individuals in the population (Represented by N) | 8 | |
| 23193630 | Density (of a population) | The total number of individuals per area of volume occupied. (IE 100 mice/km^2) | 9 | |
| 23193631 | Dispersion | Describes how individuals in a population are distributed. (IE clumped [people in cities], uniform [trees in orchards], or random [trees in forest]) | 10 | |
| 23193632 | Age Structure | Describes the abundance of individuals of each age; Often shown in age structure diagrams. | 11 | |
| 23193633 | Survivorship Curves | Describes how mortality of individuals in a species varies during their lifetimes. | 12 | |
| 23193634 | Type I Survivorship Curve | Curve that describes species where most individuals survive to middle age. After that, mortality is high. (humans) | 13 | |
| 23193635 | Type II Survivorship Curve | Curve that describes organisms in which the length of survivorship is random, death likelihood is the same at any age. (rodents and hydras) | 14 | |
| 23193636 | Type III Survivorship Curve | Curve that describes species in which most individuals die young, with only a few organisms surviving long enough to reproduce and beyond. (oysters, plankton) | 15 | |
| 23193637 | Biotic Potential | Maximum growth rate of a population under ideal conditions, with unlimited resources and without growth restrictions | 16 | |
| 23193638 | Factors that may affect biotic potential | Age to reproduce, Clutch size (# of offspring produced at reproduction), Frequency of reproduction, Reproductive lifetime, and Survivorship of offspring long enough to reproduce. | 17 | |
| 23193639 | Carrying Capacity | Maximum number of individuals of a population that can be sustained by a particular habitat. | 18 | |
| 23193640 | Limiting Factors | Elements that prevent a population from attaining its biotic potential. | 19 | |
| 23193641 | Density-Dependent Factors | [a limiting factor] Agents whose limiting effect becomes more intense as the population density increases (IE parasites/disease, resources, toxic effect of waste products, and predation) | 20 | |
| 23193642 | Density-Independent Factor | [a limiting factor] Occurs independently of the density of the population (IE natural disasters, climate change) | 21 | |
| 23193643 | Equation for the growth of a population | r=(births - deaths)/N where r=reproductive/growth rate and N=initial population size | 22 | |
| 23193644 | Exponential Growth | Pattern of population growth that occurs whenever the reproductive rate is greater than zero. (Forms a J-shaped curve when graphed) | 23 | |
| 23193645 | Logistic Growth | Pattern of population growth that occurs when limiting factors restrict the size of the population to the carrying capacity of the habitat.(Forms an S-shaped curve [a sigmoid] when graphed. | 24 | |
| 23193646 | Population Cycles | Fluctuations in population size in response to varying effects of limiting factors | 25 | |
| 23193647 | r-selected species | Species that exhibit rapid growth (J-shaped curve), where opportunistic species (grass/insects) quickly invade habitats, reproduce, and die. Offspring are small, mature fast, and require little care | 26 | |
| 23193648 | k-selected species | Species where population size remains constant (IE humans) and produce a small number of relatively large offspring that require much care until maturation. | 27 | |
| 23193649 | Human Population Growth | Growth that began 1000 years ago, grew exponentially. | 28 | |
| 23193650 | Exponential Growth Factors [of humans] include | Increase in food supply, reduction in disease, reduction in waste, expansion of habitat | 29 |
