A review of all of the Campbell 7th Edition terms for the new 2013 AP Biology Curriculum
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| 2789582161 | polar | Molecule with partial charges. Mixes with water. |  | 0 |
| 2789582162 | nonpolar | No partial charges. Do not mix with water. |  | 1 |
| 2789582163 | electronegativity | Attraction of an atom for electrons in a covalent bond. |  | 2 |
| 2789582164 | cohesion | Water molecules sticking to each other. |  | 3 |
| 2789582165 | adhesion | Water molecules sticking to other surfaces. |  | 4 |
| 2789582166 | solute | Something dissolved in a solution. |  | 5 |
| 2789582167 | solvent | Dissolving agent of a solution. |  | 6 |
| 2789582168 | isomers | Same atoms but different arrangement. |  | 7 |
| 2789582169 | structural isomers | Differ in arrangement of atoms. |  | 8 |
| 2789582170 | geometric isomer | Differ in arrangement around a double bond. |  | 9 |
| 2789582171 | enantiomers | Structures that are like a mirror-image. |  | 10 |
| 2789582172 | alpha glucose | Monomer for starch and glycogen. |  | 11 |
| 2789582173 | beta glucose | Monomer for cellulose and chitin. |  | 12 |
| 2789582174 | cellulose | Carbohydrate component of plant cell walls. |  | 13 |
| 2789582175 | starch | Storage polysaccharide of plants. |  | 14 |
| 2789582176 | glycogen | Extremely branched polymer of glucose. |  | 15 |
| 2789582177 | chitin | Polysaccharide found in arthropod exoskeletons and fungal cell walls. |  | 16 |
| 2789582178 | -ose | Suffix of a sugar. |  | 17 |
| 2789582179 | tryiacylglycerol | Glycerol and three fatty acids. |  | 18 |
| 2789582180 | steroids | Made of four rings of carbon. |  | 19 |
| 2789582181 | cholesterol | Steroid common in cell membranes, also in many hormones. |  | 20 |
| 2789582182 | peptide bond | Bonds that connect amino acids. |  | 21 |
| 2789582184 | disulphide bridges | Reinforce tertiary structure. |  | 22 |
| 2789582185 | primary structure | Order of amino acids in a protein. |  | 23 |
| 2789582186 | secondary structure | Three-dimensional form of segments of protein. Examples are alpha helix or beta pleated sheet. |  | 24 |
| 2789582187 | tertiary structure | Three-dimensional structure of a single polypeptide chain. |  | 25 |
| 2789582188 | quaternary structure | Three-dimensional structure of proteins made of multiple polypeptide subunits. |  | 26 |
| 2789582190 | purines | Bases with a double-ring structure. |  | 27 |
| 2789582191 | pyrimidines | Bases with a single-ring structure. |  | 28 |
| 2789582192 | phosphodiester bonds | Bonds between phosphate group and pentose sugar in nucleic acids. |  | 29 |
| 2789582193 | synthesis | To put together. |  | 30 |
| 2789582194 | digestion | To break apart. |  | 31 |
| 2789582195 | dehydration synthesis | Condensation reaction where molecules are connected by loss of a water molecule. |  | 32 |
| 2789582196 | hydrolysis | Reaction where water split into two hydrogens and one oxygen; this breaks a polymer. |  | 33 |
| 2789582197 | anabolism | Metabolic pathways that construct molecules, requiring energy. |  | 34 |
| 2789582198 | catabolism | Metabolic pathways that break down molecules, releasing energy. |  | 35 |
| 2789582514 | transport protein | A membrane protein, specifically a transport protein, that has a hydrophilic channel that certain molecules or atomic ions use as a tunnel. |  | 36 |
| 2789582515 | channel protein | A membrane protein, specifically a transport protein, that has a hydrophilic channel that certain molecules or atomic ions use as a tunnel. |  | 37 |
| 2789582516 | aquaporin | A membrane protein, specifically a transport protein, that facilitates the passage of water through channel proteins. |  | 38 |
| 2789582517 | carrier protein | A membrane protein, specifically a transport protein, that holds onto molecules and changes their shapes in a way that shuttles them across the membrane. |  | 39 |
| 2789582539 | protein kinase | The enzyme that transfers phosphate groups from ATP to protein. |  | 40 |
| 2789582620 | ATP (adenosine triphosphate) | Composed of a sugar ribose, nitrogenous base adenine, and a chain of three phosphate groups bonded to it. |  | 41 |
| 2789582621 | phosphorylation | The metabolic process of introducing a phosphate group into an organic molecule. |  | 42 |
| 2789582622 | catalyst | A chemical agent that speeds up a reaction without being consumed by the reaction. |  | 43 |
| 2789582623 | enzyme | A catalytic protein. |  | 44 |
| 2789582624 | activation energy | The amount of energy needed to push the reactants over an energy barrier. |  | 45 |
| 2789582625 | enzyme-substrate complex | When an enzyme binds to its substrate, it forms: |  | 46 |
| 2789582626 | active site | A pocket or groove on the surface of the enzyme. |  | 47 |
| 2789582627 | induced fit | Brings chemical groups of the active site into positions that enhance their ability to catalyze the chemical reaction. |  | 48 |
| 2789582628 | cofactor | Non-protein helpers that may be bound tightly to the enzyme as a permanent resident, or may bind loosely and reversibly along with the substrate. |  | 49 |
| 2789582629 | coenzyme | If the cofactor is an organic molecule. |  | 50 |
| 2789582630 | competitive inhibitors | Reduce the productivity of enzymes by blocking substrates from entering active sites. |  | 51 |
| 2789582631 | noncompetitive inhibitors | Impede enzymatic reactions by binding to another part of the enzyme (other than the active site). |  | 52 |
| 2789582632 | allosteric regulation | When a protein's function at one site is affected by the binding of a regulatory molecule to a separate site. |  | 53 |
| 2789582633 | cooperativity | It amplifies the response of enzymes to substrates. |  | 54 |
| 2789582634 | feedback inhibition | A metabolic pathway is switched off by the inhibitory binding of its end product to an enzyme that acts early in the pathway. |  | 55 |
