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| 6315990290 | Absorption Spectrum | A spectrum of electromagnetic radiation transmitted through a substance, showing dark lines or bands due to absorption of specific wavelengths. |  | 0 |
| 6315990291 | Accessory Pigment | A pigment that absorbs light energy and transfers it to chlorophyll in photosynthesis. |  | 1 |
| 6315995299 | Acetyl coA | The entry compound for the citric acid cycle in cellular respiration, formed from a fragment of pyruvate attached to a coenzyme. |  | 2 |
| 6316000517 | Action Spectrum | the rate of a physiological activity plotted against wavelength of light. |  | 3 |
| 6316000518 | Activation Energy | the rate of a physiological activity plotted against wavelength of light. |  | 4 |
| 6316005221 | Active Site | the region of an enzyme where substrate molecules bind and undergo a chemical reaction. |  | 5 |
| 6316017510 | Allosteric Regulation | When a protein's function at one site is affected by the binding of a regulatory molecule to a separate site. |  | 6 |
| 6316005222 | Anabolism | the synthesis of complex molecules in living organisms from simpler ones together with the storage of energy; constructive metabolism. EX: When your body builds muscle tissue, creates new cells, or mineralizes bone. | 7 | |
| 6316012616 | Anaerobic Metabolism | The creation of energy through the combustion of carbohydrates in the absence of oxygen. EX: carbohydrates, amino acids and fats | 8 | |
| 6316017511 | ATP | Adenosine Triphosphate. EX: Movement; our body movements require action by our muscles. Muscle contraction requires ATP. |  | 9 |
| 6316020539 | Autotroph | An organism that makes its own food. EX: plants, algae and some types of bacteria. |  | 10 |
| 6316020540 | Calvin Cycle | Carbon fixation process in photosynthesis. Forms sugar and other organic compounds. |  | 11 |
| 6316024095 | Catabolism | Biological processes which primarily break down large storage and other chemicals, often releasing energy in the process. |  | 12 |
| 6316024096 | Catalyst | Something that brings about a change in something else. EX: Chemical Catalyst; Hydrogen peroxide will decompose into water and oxygen gas. |  | 13 |
| 6316026736 | Cellular Respiration | A complex set of chemical reactions involving an energy transformation where potential chemical energy in the bonds of "food" molecules is released and partially captured in the bonds of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecules. |  | 14 |
| 6316029466 | Chemiosmosis | A process for synthesizing ATP using the energy of an electrochemical gradient and the ATP synthase enzyme. |  | 15 |
| 6316032486 | Chemoautotroph | Organism that makes organic carbon molecules from carbon dioxide using energy from chemical reactions. |  | 16 |
| 6316032487 | Chlorophyll | Green pigment in plants that absorbs light energy used to carry out photosynthesis. |  | 17 |
| 6316035408 | Chloroplast | A plastid containing chlorophyll, the site of photosynthesis. |  | 18 |
| 6316037507 | Citric Acid Cycle | Completes the breakdown of glucose by oxidizing a derivative of pyruvate to carbon dioxide. |  | 19 |
| 6316037508 | Coenzyme | An organic molecule serving as a cofactor. Most vitamins function as coenzymes in important metabolic reactions. |  | 20 |
| 6316040108 | Cofactor | Non-protein helpers that may be bound tightly to the enzyme as a permanent resident, or may bind loosely and reversibly along with the substrate. |  | 21 |
| 6316042725 | Compartmentalization | Membrane-bound organelles allow different parts of the cell to perform different functions at the same time. |  | 22 |
| 6316042726 | Consumer | An organism that obtains energy by feeding on other organisms. |  | 23 |
| 6316047232 | Cyclic Electron Flow | A route of electron flow during the light reactions of photosynthesis that involves only photosystem I and that produces ATP but not NADPH or oxygen. |  | 24 |
| 6316050072 | Denaturation | In proteins, a process in which a protein unravels and loses its native conformation, thereby becoming biologically inactive. In DNA, the separation of the two strands of the double helix. |  | 25 |
| 6316052564 | Electron Transport Chain | A sequence of electron carrier molecules (membrane proteins) that shuttle electrons during the redox reactions that release energy used to make ATP. |  | 26 |
| 6316052565 | Entrophy | Measure of the disorder or randomness of the particles that make of a system (measurement of movement of particles in a spontaneous reaction). |  | 27 |
| 6316056141 | Endergonic Reaction | A non-spontaneous chemical reaction in which free energy is absorbed from the surroundings. |  | 28 |
| 6316056142 | Enzyme | A protein that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being changed by the reaction; an organic catalyst. |  | 29 |
| 6316058890 | Exergonic Reaction | A spontaneous chemical reaction in which there is a net release of free energy. |  | 30 |
| 6316063327 | Feedback Inhibition | A method of metabolic control in which the end product of a metabolic pathway acts as an inhibitor of an enzyme within that pathway. |  | 31 |
| 6316063328 | Fermentation | Process by which cells release energy in the absence of oxygen. |  | 32 |
| 6316066850 | Glycolysis | A metabolic process that breaks down carbohydrates and sugars through a series of reactions to either pyruvic acid or lactic acid and release energy for the body in the form of ATP. |  | 33 |
| 6316066851 | Heterotroph | A heterotroph is an organism that cannot fix carbon from inorganic sources but uses organic carbon for growth. |  | 34 |
| 6316069719 | Induced Fit Model | Proposed by Daniel Koshland in 1958, attempts to explain how this is accomplished. His theory asserts that when the active site on the enzymes makes contact with the proper substrate, the enzyme molds itself to the shape of the molecule. |  | 35 |
| 6316076669 | Light Dependent Reactions | Set of reactions in photosynthesis that use energy from light to produce ATP and NADPH. |  | 36 |
| 6316076670 | Light Independent Reactions | 2nd stage of photosynthesis, occurs in stroma. |  | 37 |
| 6316080041 | Metabolic Pathway | A series of chemical reactions that either builds a complex molecule (anabolic pathway) or breaks down a complex molecule into simpler compounds (catabolic pathway). |  | 38 |
| 6316082155 | Mitochondrion | A membrane‐bound organelle found in most eukaryotic cells; site of cellular respiration. |  | 39 |
| 6316082156 | NAD | The lowest point of something. |  | 40 |
| 6316084357 | NADP | An abbreviation of nicotinamide-adenine-dinucleotide-phosphate, also called TPN; an organic compound that serves as an oxidation-reduction molecule. |  | 41 |
| 6316084375 | Negative Feedback | A primary mechanism of homeostasis, whereby a change in a physiological variable that is being monitored triggers a response that counteracts the initial fluctuation. |  | 42 |
| 6316088305 | Non-Cyclic Electron Flow | A route of electron flow during the light reactions of photosynthesis that involves both photosystems and produces ATP, NADPH, and oxygen. The net electron flow is from water to NADP+. |  | 43 |
| 6316091796 | Oxidative Phosphorylation | Part of the electron transport chain. A process occurring in the mitochondria that results in the formation of ATP from the flow of electrons across the inner membrane to bind with oxygen. |  | 44 |
| 6316094006 | Photolysis | In the thylakoid membranes of a chloroplast during light-dependant reactions, two molecules of water are split to form oxygen, hydrogen ions, and electrons. |  | 45 |
| 6316094007 | Photosynthesis | A process used by plants and other autotrophs to capture light and energy and use it to power chemical reactions that convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and energy-rich carbohydrates, such as sugars and starches. |  | 46 |
| 6316096165 | Positive Feedback | A form of regulation in which an end product of a process speeds up that process; in physiology, a control mechanism in which a change in a variable triggers a response that reinforces or amplifies the change. |  | 47 |
| 6316099110 | Ribulose Biphosphate | An organic substance that is involved in photosynthesis. It is a colourless anion, a double phosphate ester of the ketopentose called ribulose. |  | 48 |
| 6316103634 | Substrate- level phosphorylation | The formation of ATP by directly transferring a phosphate group to ADP from an intermediate substrate in catabolism. |  | 49 |
| 6316105194 | Thylakoid Membrane | They are the site of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. Thylakoids consist of a thylakoid membrane surrounding a thylakoid lumen. |  | 50 |
