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AP Calculus AB Knowledge Flashcards

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6542604251What conditions must be to satisfied for the Mean Value Theorem to be valid?f(x) is continuous in the interval [a, b] and differentiable in the interval (a, b)0
6542604252If the appropriate conditions are satisfied, what does the Mean Value Theorem guarantee?There is at least one point c in the interval (a, b) at which f'(c) = [f(b) - f(a)] / [b - a]1
6542604253LimitA limit is the value that a function or sequence "approaches" as the input or index approaches some value.2
6542604254Quotient rule?(vu'-uv')/v^23
6542604255When does a derivative not exist at 'x' (with a graph)?Corner Cusp Vertical Tangent Discontinuity4
6542604256What does a cusp look like?When a function becomes vertical and then virtually doubles back on itself. Such pattern signals the presence of what is known as a vertical cusp.5
6542604257What does a Vertical Tangent look like?vertical tangent image6
6542604258Difference RuleFunction - f - g Derivative - f' − g'7
6542604259Reciprocal RuleFunction 1/f Derivative −f'/f28
6542604260Chain Rule (Using ' )Function f(g(x)) Derivative f'(g(x))g'(x)9
6542604261Product RuleFunction - fg Derivative - f g' + f' g10
6542604262Chain Rule (Using d/dx)11
6542604263What does a Corner look like?Corner at (17, 600) and (18, 530)12
6542604264What does a jump discontinuity look like?13
6542604265Power RuleFunction - x^n Derivative - 〖nx〗^(n-1)14
6542604266Quotient RuleFunction (f/g) Derivative15
6542604267Sum RuleFunction - f + g Derivative - f' + g'16
6542604268How do I find an equation of a line tangent to a curve1.) Calculate the slope of a secant through P and a point Q nearby on the curve. 2.)Find the limiting value of a secant slope (if it exists) as Q approaches P along the curve. 3.)Define the slope of the curve at P to be this number and define the tangent to the curve at P to be the line through P with this slope.17
6542604269Derivative rules18
6542604270Power ruleX^2 --> 2X^2-1 ---> 2X19
6542604271How to find derivative?Solve a problem for (dy/dx). Solutions may involve power, product, chain or quotient rule.20
6542604272How do we handle negative exponents?Negative exponents are moved to the bottom of a fraction to make the exponent positive. When finding derivatives, it's easier to solve when you put a factor from the denominator of the fraction to the top with a negative exponent and use the power rule.21
6542604273Derivative of tangent inverse22
6542604274If the definition of the derivative is recognized, what does it guarantee?23
6542604275Types of discontinuityRemovable Discontinuity: when a point on the graph is undefined or does not fit the rest of the graph (there is a hole) Jump Discontinuity: when two one-sided limits exist, but they have different values Infinite Discontinuity:24
6542604276Product rule?uv'+vu'25
6542604277Rate of ChangeExpressed as a ratio between a change in one variable relative to a corresponding change in another. When the function y=F(x) is concave up, the graph of its derivative y=f'(x) is increasing. When the function y=F(x) is concave down, the graph of its derivative y=f'(x) is decreasing.26
6542604278Rules of Piecewise FunctionsA Piecewise function is made up of sub-functions that apply to a certain interval of the main function's domain. First look at the conditions on the right to see where x is. Then just plug that number into the equation.27
6542604279How do you interpret a velocity graph to determine speed?Velocity is the first derivative of position. In order to graph speed from velocity then you need to find the derivative of velocity from the graph. In order to do that you need to reflect the negative terms across the x-axis making them positive.28
6542604280Chain Rule(F o G)' (x) = f'(g(x)) *g' (x)29
6542604281What are discontinuities? When are limits nonexistent?Limits dont exist when the values from the left and righ are3 no equal30
6542604282What are the derivatives of trig functions?sin(x) = cos (x); cos (x) = -sin(x); tan(x) = sec^2(x)31
6542604283Unit CircleSince C = 2πr, the circumference of a unit circle is 2π. A unit circle is a circle with a radius of one. Frequently, especially in trigonometry, the unit circle is the circle of radius one centered at the origin (0, 0) in the Cartesian coordinate system.32
6542604284Find the derivative of the square root of f(x)The derivative of the square root of a function is equal to the derivative of the radical divided by the double of the root.33
6542604285What are the 1st and 2nd derivatives of displacement?1st derivative is velocity and the 2nd is acceleration. These are found by identifying the slope of displacement to find velocity, and slope of velocity to find acceleration34
6542604286Recognizing Implicit DifferentiationUsed when an equation contains a variable besides x For example: 3x + 4y = 12 derivative of y= dy/dx35
6542604287How do you find a Local Extrema?1. Find the first derivative of f using the power rule. 2. Set the derivative equal to zero and solve for x. x = 0, -2, or These three x-values are the critical numbers of f.36
6542604288how to find identify the original function of a graph37
6542604289Mean value theorem for derivativesif f(x) is continuous over [a,b] and differentiable over (a,b), then at some point c is between a and b.38
6542604290What is the derivative of a position function? How do you find where the function is decreasing?Speed/Velocity. The function is decreasing when y' is negative (below the x-axis)39
6542604291Second DerivativeTake first derivative. Then, find the derivative of the first derivative. f'(x), then f''(x).40
6542604292Derivative of e^xe^x * derivative of argument41
6542604293How do you determine the end behavior model of a polynomial function going to positive or negative infinity?take the variable with the largest exponent and substitute the variable with the limit42
6542604294Definition of a limitdefinition of a limit43
6542604295Product Ruleu*v' + v*u'44
6542604296Implicit differentitation(image)45
6542604297The derivative of the function f at the point x=a is the limit... if the limit exists.picture on email46
6542604298Power rule47
6542604299How do you find the absolute extrema of a function? How can you find the absolute extrema of a function on an interval with end points?Find critical points by funding where the first derivative is 0 or undefined, then plug in end points to f(x) and critical points to find extrema.48
6542604300Power RuleIf function f is f(x) = x^n, where n is any integer, then f' (x) = n·x^n-1.49
6542604301How do you find the limit of a piece-wise function?Step 1 Evaluate the one-sided limits for each function. Step 2 If the one-sided limits are the same, the limit exists. If the one-sided limits are different, the limit doesn't exist.50
6542604302Derivative of ydy/dx51
6542604303How do you find the derivative of an inverse function?If f and g are inverse functions, then f'(x)=1/(g'(f(x))52
6542604304When can removable discontinuities be fixed?Removable discontinuities can be "fixed" by re-defining the function.53
6542604305Finding the vertical asymptoteWhen the denominator of the function equals 0.54
6542604306When are limits nonexistent?Jump Discontinuities: both one-sided limits exist, but have different values. Infinite Discontinuities: both one-sided limits are infinite. Endpoint Discontinuities: only one of the one-sided limits exists. Mixed: at least one of the one-sided limits does not exist.55
6542604307Increasing FunctionsWhere the graph of the first derivative shows the original function being continuous, differentiable and increasing.56
6542604308What is point-slope form?57
6542604309f^-1 represents what?An inverse function58
6542604310What must be true for a limit to exist?limit from the left = limit from the right59
6542604311What is an inflection point?A point of a curve at which a change in the direction of curvature occurs.60
6542604312Where can you not draw a tangent line?A Corner61
6542604313What does a tangent line look like?A straight line that hits a curve at exactly one point62
6542604314How to find a vertical asymptote1. Set the denominator equal to zero 2. Simplify the fraction 3. Cancel out like terms on the top and the bottom63
6542604315How do you move a term from the denominator to the numerator?Make the power of the denominator negative than multiply the denominator by the numerator64
6542604316Extreme Value theoremIf f is continuous over a closed interval, then f has maximum an minimum values over that interval.65
6542604317critical pointsIs where there is a point in the domain of a function f at which f'=0 or f' does not exist is a critical point of f. *critical points are not always maximum and minimum values.66
6542604318What graph comes as a result of finding the derivative of a speed graph?Acceleration Graph67
6542604319Derivative of a function in f(x) notation68
6542604320How do you find the local extrema of a function?Find the first derivative and set it equal to zero69
6542604321When is a function decreasing?When the first derivative/ slope is negative70
6542604322When is the second derivative of a function negative?When the graph of the function is concave down71
6542604323When is the second derivative of a function positive?When the graph of the function is concave up72
6542604324When is a function increasing?When the first derivative/ slope is positive73
6542604325What graph comes as a result of finding the derivative of an position/displacement graph in absolute valuation?Speed Graph74
6542604326Why can't you draw a tangent line on a corner?You can't draw a tangent line because the tangent line from the left and the right will be going different directions.75
6542604327When is the Vertical asymptoteslim(x→0)⁡ (1/x)76
6542604328What graph comes as a result of finding the derivative of an acceleration graph?Jerk Graph77
6542604329What does removable continuity look like?78
6542604330Chain RuleWe use chain rule to find the derivative of the composition of two functions. formula : dy/dx f(g(x)) = f'(g(x))*g'(x)79
6542604331Mean Value TheoremF'(c)= f(b)-f(a)/b-a80
6542604332When is the horizontal asymptoteslim(x→∞) (1/x)81
6542604333What graph comes as a result of finding the derivative of a displacement graph?Velocity Graph82
6542604334What is a secant line? *Used in Mean Value TheoremA secant line is a straight line joining two points on a function. It is also equivalent to the average rate of change, or simply the slope between two points. The average rate of change of a function between two points and the slope between two points are the same thing.83
6542604335How do you find a local maxima on a graph?Set derivative equal to zero and solve for "x" to find critical points. Critical points are where the slope of the function is zero or undefined.84
6542604336Derivative of sine inverse1/sqrt(1-x^2)85
6542604337Derivative of cosine inverse- 1/sqrt(1-x^2)86

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