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AP Calculus BC Review Flashcards

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6612632254Tangent LineStraight line on the curve at a given point that can be used to estimate values near by0
6612646273SlopeRise over run1
6612654643Instantaneous Rate of Changethe rate of change at a particular moment, for F(x) this would be F'(x)2
6612662488Average Rate of Changethe change in the value of a quantity divided by the elapsed time3
6612677976Average Valuefinds the average value of a function. often related to the mean value theorem4
6612698439Linear ApproximationUsing the tangent line to approximate nearby values5
6612717690DisplacementThe distance and direction of an object's change in position from the starting point. function is given in relation to time6
6612709251VelocityThe speed at which an object is traveling velocity function is the derivative of a position function in relation to time.7
6612713460AccelerationThe rate at which velocity changes Acceleration function is the derivative of a velocity function in relation to time8
6612722472Total DistanceTotal distance traveled to do this calculate integral of velocity graph positive and negative sections separately and add absolute value of those together.9
6612737668Speeding UpAcceleration has the same sign as Velocity10
6612739240Slowing DownAcceleration has the opposite sign as Velocity11
6612741475Area Under the CurveIntegral or antiderivative12
6612751729Area Between Curveswith f(x) on top and g(x) on bottom a and b represent bounds or where the two graphs intersect13
6612761492Disc Method of RotationV = pi * int from a to b of R(x)^2 dx R(x) is radius and dx is height rotated around variable inside14
6612796295Washer Method of RotationV = pi * int from a to b of ( R(x)^2 - r(x) ^2 ) dx R(x) is furthest away from axis r(x) is closest to axis rotated around variable inside15
6612808480Shell Method of RotationV = 2pi * int from a to b of ( x * F(x) ) dx rotated around opposite variable inside16
6612819239Definition of A Derivativewe say that f is differentiable at x = a and the limit is the derivative of f(x) at x = a, denoted by f prime of a.17
6612827281ContinuityA function is uninterrupted, this implies integratibility18
6612843634Product Rule19
6612845422Quotient Rule20
6612847209Chain Rulealso applies to Trig functions, natural logs, and e21
6612851540U-Substitution22
6612854570Integration by Partsint u dv = u v - int v du23
6612866715Partial FractionsSplitting up a fraction into its parts can make integration easier!24
6612875446Slope FieldsDrawing the slopes at different points for a function (often that is difficult to integrate) can help predict the shape of the function25
6612882036Particular SolutionIntegration that has value for c solved for by plugging in a known coordinate pair26
6612885713Euler's Methoda method of approximation helpful when dy/dx has x and y terms in it27
6612896119g(x) is increasingg'(x) is positive28
6612897347g(x) is decreasingg'(x) is negative29
6612898046g(x) is concave upg''(x) is positive30
6612899721g(x) is concave downg''(x) is negative31
6612901931g(x) changes directionsg'(x) passes through 032
6612903767g(x) has a point of inflectiong''(x) passes through 0 or DNE33
6612950604Local/Relative MaximumA point on the graph of a function where no other nearby points have a greater y-coordinate.34
6612952292Local/Relative MinimumA point on the graph of a function where no other nearby points have a lesser y-coordinate.35
6612954809Absolute MaximumThe y-value of a point on a graph that is higher than any of the other points on the entire graph. Needs to be proved with critical points and the limits as x approaches - infinity and + infinity36
6612959043Absolute MinimumThe lowest point of the function Needs to be proved with critical points and the limits as x approaches - infinity and + infinity37
6612967578Stationary PointsMaximum Points, Minimum Points, and Points of Inflection38
6612968672Critical PointOccurs when f'(x) = 0 Can be a min, max, or neither39
6613126168Related RatesA class of problems in which rates of change are related by means of differentiation. Standard examples include water dripping from a cone-shaped tank and a man's shadow lengthening as he walks away from a street lamp.40
6613128994Riemann SumsA Riemann Sum is a method for approximating integrals41
6613147220Trapezoidal SumsRiemann Sums done with averaging two points instead of picking a side can be more accurate42
6613155966Mean Value Theoremthe average value on a certain integral must have a value of x that it is equal to43
6613168094Intermediate Value Theorem44
6613175392Extreme Value Theorem45
66131802281st Fundamental Theorem of Calcint from a to b of f'(x) dx = f(b) - f(a)46
66132210032nd Fundamental Theorem of Calcd/dx (int from c to x of f(t) dt) = f(x)47
6613231606L'Hopital's Ruleif lim x --> of g(x)/f(x) is 0/0 then you can derive48
6613237787Find int 0 to infinity of f(x) dxsubstitute b and do lim as b--> infinity49
6613259029Polar Coordinates(r,theta)50
6613263399Polar Derivativesdy/dx = (dy/dtheta)/(dx/dtheta)51
6613279252Polar Length of Curveint of alpha to beta of sqrt ( (dx/dtheta)^2 + (dy/dtheta)^2)52
6613283358Polar Integrals0.5 int from alpha to beta r^2 dtheta = area53
6613288514Parametric Coordinates(x(t),y(t))54
6613288515Parametric Derivativesdy/dx = (dy/dt)/(dx/dt) d2y/dx2 = (d/dt(dy/dt))/(dx/dt)55
6613289762Parametric Length of Curveint of a to b of sqrt ( (dx/dt)^2 + (dy/dt)^2)56
6613293184Parametric Integralsintegrals normal but with position vectors and relative to t57
6613320280Particle motions = ( x(t) , y(t) ) v = ( x'(t), y'(t) ) a = ( x''(t), y''(t) )58
6613325555Magnitude|| v(t) || = sqrt ( ((dx/dt)^2) + ((dy/dt)^2) )59
6613331330Series for sin x60
6613351564Series for cos x61
6613352795series for e^xe^x = 1 + x + (x^2)/2! + (x^3)/3! + ...62
6613360403Maclaurin Seriesa Taylor series about x=063
6613366426Taylor Seriesif the function f is smooth at x=a, then it can be approximated by the nth degree polynomial f(x) ~ f(a) + f'(a)(x-a) + f"(a)(x-a)^2/2! + ... + f^n(a)(x-a)^n/n!64
6613375020nth term test for divergence65
6613376531p-series test66
6613383728Geometric Series TestAn = a r^(n-1) , n>= 1 |r| < 1 converges to a/(1-r)67
6613400420Alternating Series TestAn = (-1)^n bn , bn>=0 is bn+1 <= bn and lim n-> infinity of bn=0 series converges68
6613408856Direct Comparison Test69
6613415045Limit Comparison Test70
6613418894Ratio Testlim n-> inf |(An+1 / An)| < 1 series converges71
6613425611Interval of ConvergenceDetermined using ratio of convergence72
6613439454Power Seriessum from n to infinity of (a*x^x)73
6613454279Lagrange Error Bound74

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