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AP Chapter 1 Flashcards

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8450141235AnatomyStudy of the structure of an organism and the relations of its parts.0
8450141236PhysiologyStudy of the function of an organism it's part1
8450165269ChemicalsOrganizations of atoms and molecules2
8450170029CellsOrganizations of various chemicals3
8450170030TissuesOrganizations of similar ells4
8450173159OrgansOrganizations of different kinds of tissues5
8450173160SystemsOrganization of many different kinds of organs6
8450216684Anatomical PositionStanding erect with arms at the sides and palms turned forward. The head and feet also point forward. Reference position for all body directions.7
8450216685SupineLying face up8
8450219211ProneLying face down9
8450219212SuperiorToward the head, upper, above10
8450221936InferiorToward the feet, lower, below11
8450221937AnteriorFront, in front of (same as ventral in humans)12
8450221938PosteriorBack, in back of13
8450266493MedialToward the midline of a structure14
8450266494LateralAway from the midline or toward the side of a structure15
8450266495ProximalToward or nearest the trunk, or nearest the point of origin of a structure.16
8450269045DistalAway from or farthest from the trunk, or farthest from a structure's point of origin.17
8450269046SuperficialNearer the body surface18
8450272049DeepFarthest away from the body surface19
8450327247Sagittal PlaneRuns lengthwise; divides a structure into right and left sections.20
8450327248Mid sagittalSagittal plane that divides the body into two equal halves.21
8450334154Frontal (coronal) planeLengthwise plane that divides a structure into anterior and posterior, or front and back sections.22
8450375432TransverseHorizontal plane that divides a structure into upper and lower sections.23
8450382463Bilateral Symmetry- Divides body along midsagittal plane lengthwise from sternum on through to vertebral column. - Each half is like the other half - Called mirror image - Does not include organs24
8450387185Radial SymmetryBody cannot be divided along a single plane 2 halves alike Ex: Starfish25
8450500521MediastinumVentral Thoracic Cavity - mid portion of thoracic cavity; heart and trachea are located in mediastinum26
8450526800Pleural CavitiesRight lung located in right in right pleural cavity: left lung is in left pleural cavity.27
8450554653Abdominopelvic CavityContains stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder, pancreas and spleen.28
8450566973Pelvic CavityContains reproductive organs, urinary bladder and lowest part of the intestine.29
8450574289Cranial CavityBrain30
8450579211Spinal CavitySpinal31
8450625150Nine Abdominopelvic RegionUpper abdominopelvic region Right and left hypochondriac regions Epigastric region Middle regions Right and left lumbar regions Umbilical region Lower regions Right and left iliac (inguinal) regions Hypogastric region32
8450654273Four Quadrants of Abdominopelvic CavityRight upper - Superior Right lower - Inferior Left upper - Superior Left lower - Inferior33
8450663948AxialHead, neck, torso and trunk34
8450664441AppendicularUpper and lower extremities35
8450694066Balance of Body Functions- Survival depends on the maintenance or restoration of homeostasis - Cell lives in an internal environment made up mostly of water combined with salts and other dissolved substances - Feedback loops the body uses negative feedback loops, and less often positive feedback loops to maintain or restore homeostasis.36
8450755997Negative Feedback LoopsOppose a change in a controlled condition Ex: Maintain proper body temperature37
8450758183Positive Feedback LoopsTemporarily amplify the change that is occurring Ex: Uterine contractions before the birth of a baby, formation of a blood clot.38
8450852322Maintaining balance of body functions- Related to age - Peak efficiency during young adulthood - Diminishing efficiency - occurs with aging (older).39

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