AP Psychology Chapter 4
Terms : Hide Images
| 235445330 | Consciousness | A state of awareness of ourselves and the world around us | |
| 235445331 | William James | 1875 American psychologist Described consciousness as a stream of thoughts | |
| 235445332 | Focused Awareness | A state of heightened alertness in which one is fully absorbed in the task at hand | |
| 235445333 | Drifting Consciousness | A state of awareness characterized by drifting thoughts or mental imagery | |
| 235445334 | Daydreaming | A form of consciousness during a waking state in which one's mind wanders to dreamy thoughts or fantasies | |
| 235445335 | Divided Consciousness | A state of awareness characterized by divided attention to two or more tasks or activities performed at a time | |
| 235445336 | Unconsciousness | In ordinary use, a term referring to a lack of awareness of one's surrounds OR a loss of consciousness, ex: Sleep | |
| 235445337 | Altered States of Consciousness | States of awareness that differ from one's usual waking state, ex: hypnosis, meditation, drug induced states | |
| 235445338 | Circadian Rhythm | Sleep-wake cycle is close to 24 hours in length. Regulated by the suprachiasmatic nucleus in the hypothalamus | |
| 235445339 | Jet Lag | Disruption of the sleep-wake cycle caused by shifts in time zones that accompany long-distance air travel | |
| 235445340 | Rapid-eye-movement (REM) Sleep | A stage of sleep that involves rapid eye movements (usually while eyes are closed) and that is most closely associated with periods of dreaming | |
| 235445341 | Activation-synthesis hypothesis | The proposition that dreams represent the brain's attempt to make sense of random discharges of electrical activity that occur during REM sleep | |
| 235445342 | Lucid dreams | Dreams in which the dreamer is aware that he or she is dreaming | |
| 235445343 | Insomnia | Difficulty falling asleep, remaining asleep, or returning to sleep after awakening | |
| 235445344 | Narcolepsy | A disorder characterized by sudden, unexplained "sleep attacks" during the day | |
| 235445345 | cataplexy | Sudden loss of muscle control | |
| 235445346 | Sleep apnea | Temporary cessation of breathing during sleep | |
| 235445347 | Nightmare disorder | A sleep disorder characterized by a pattern of frequent, disturbing nightmares | |
| 235445348 | Sleep terror disorder | A sleep disorder involving repeated episodes of intent fear during sleep, causing the person to awake abruptly in a terrified state | |
| 235445349 | Sleepwalking disorder | A sleep disorder characterized by repeated episodes of sleepwalking | |
| 235445350 | Transcendental meditation | A form of meditation in which practitioners focus their attention by repeating a particular mantra | |
| 235445351 | Mantra | A sound or phrase chanted repeated during meditation | |
| 235445352 | Mindfulness meditation | A form of meditation in which one adopts a state of nonjudgmental attention to the unfolding of experience on a moment-to-moment basis | |
| 235445353 | Hypnosis | An altered state of consciousness characterized by: Focused attention Deep relaxation Heightened susceptibility to suggestion | |
| 235445354 | Hypnotic age regression | A hypnotically induced experience that involves re-experiencing past events in one's life | |
| 235445355 | Hypnotic analgesia | A loss of feeling or responsiveness to pain in certain parts of the body during hypnosis | |
| 235445356 | Posthypnotic amnesia | An inability to recall what happened during hypnosis | |
| 235445357 | Posthypnotic suggestion | A hypnotist's suggestion that the subject will respond in a particular way following hypnosis | |
| 235445358 | neodissociation theory | Ernest Hilgard's theory of hypnosis based on the belief that hypnosis represents a state of divided (dissociated) consciousness Dissociated consciousness: Observer / Actor | |
| 235445359 | Hidden observer | Hilgard's term for a part of consciousness that remains detached from hypnotic experience but aware of everything that happens during it | |
| 235445360 | Psychoactive Drugs | Chemical substances that act on the brain to affect emotional or mental states | |
| 235445361 | Drug abuse | Maladaptive use of a chemical substance | |
| 235445362 | Polyabusers | People who abuse more than one drug at a time | |
| 235445363 | Drug dependence | A severe drug-related problem characterized by impaired control over the use of a drug | |
| 235445364 | Physiological dependence | A state of physical dependence on a drug caused by repeated usage that changes body chemistry | |
| 235445365 | Withdrawal syndrome | A cluster of symptoms associated with abrupt withdrawal from a drug | |
| 235445366 | Tolerance | A form of physical habituation to a drug in which increased amounts are needed to achieve the same effect | |
| 235445367 | Drug addiction | aka Chemical addiction, an addiction that is accompanied by signs of physiological dependence, such as withdrawal syndrome | |
| 235445368 | Psychological dependence | A pattern of compulsive or habitual use of a drug to satisfy a psychological need | |
| 235445369 | Depressants | Drugs that dampen or slow the central nervous system activity Examples: Alcohol Barbiturates: Phenobarbital, Nembutal and Amytal Tranquilizers: Valium, Atavan and Xanax | |
| 235445370 | Narcotics | Powerful synthetic drugs with pain-relieving properties Morphine, Codeine, Oxycodone | |
| 235445371 | Intoxicant | A chemical substance that induces a state of drunkenness | |
| 235445372 | Alcoholism | A chemical addiction characterized by impaired control over the use of alcohol and physiological dependence on it | |
| 235445373 | Stimulants | A drug that activates the central nervous system Examples: Amphetamines: (synthetic) Benzedrine, Methamphetamine (speed) | |
| 235445374 | Hallucinogens | Drugs that alter sensory experiences and produce hallucinations Examples: LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide; "acid") Mescaline, Psilocybin, and PCP | |
| 235445375 | Delirium | A mental state characterized by confusion, disorientation, difficulty focusing and excitable behavior | |
| 235445376 | Detoxification | A process of clearing drugs or toxins from the body |
