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| 8468267272 | Major functions of bone | Supports and gives shape to the body Protects internal organs Skull protects brain; Sternum and ribs protect heart and lungs; bone protect red bone marrow - forms blood cells Helps make movement possible Stores calcium and phosphorus Bones hold 99% of bodies calcium | 0 | |
| 8468291530 | Hematopoiesis | Process of blood cell formation | 1 | |
| 8468296276 | 4 Major types of bones | Long Humerus (arm bone) Short Carpals (wrist bone) Flat Frontal (skull bone) Irregular Vertebrae (spinal bone) ** Sesamoid / Round - Patella (kneecap bone) | 2 | |
| 8468312795 | Structural components of long bones | Diaphysis or shaft Medullary cavity Epiphyses or ends of the bone Articular cartilage Periosteum Endosteum | 3 | |
| 8468327418 | Medullary cavity | —hollow area inside diaphysis containing yellow marrow | 4 | |
| 8468337447 | Epiphyses or ends of the bone | —spongy bone contains red bone marrow | 5 | |
| 8468347182 | Articular cartilage | - Covers epiphyses | 6 | |
| 8468351166 | Periosteum | - Strong fibrous covering of the bone; except the cartilage | 7 | |
| 8468359812 | Endosteum | - Lines the medullary cavity | 8 | |
| 8468364673 | Condyle | - rounded bump; forms joints | 9 | |
| 8468368001 | Epicondyle | - bump near condyle - "bump on bump"; attach connective tissues and muscles | 10 | |
| 8468368002 | Crest | - moderately raised border or ridge; attach muscle | 11 | |
| 8468368003 | Facet | - smooth flat surface; forms joints | 12 | |
| 8468368183 | Fissure | - long, crack-like hole for blood vessels and nerves | 13 | |
| 8468371749 | Foramen | - round hole; blood vessels, nerves, and ligaments pass | 14 | |
| 8468377445 | Fossa | - shallow depression; forms joints | 15 | |
| 8468377446 | Process | - a raised area or projection; attach connective tissues | 16 | |
| 8468380500 | Sulcus (Sulci) | - grooves; blood vessel, nerve, or tendon to pass | 17 | |
| 8468380501 | Trochanter | - large blunt bump; attach connective tissues | 18 | |
| 8468396446 | Compact bone | Cortical | 19 | |
| 8468399333 | Spongy bone | Trabeculae | 20 | |
| 8468422234 | Compact (dense) bone | Outer layer Organized into numerous structural units called osteons (Haversian systems) Osteon - made of: - Concentric rings - Lamella - surround - Central Canal - contain - Blood vessel ** Lamella - resists bending Bone types Osteocytes - live bone cells Sense changes in strength Lacunae - spaces that contain osteocytes Canaliculi - canals that connect lacunae with one another and with central canals in each osteon Nutrients pass through | 21 | |
| 8468432186 | Spongy bone | Porous / open spaces at the ends of bone Filled with red bone marrow Trabeculae - needlelike threads of bone Resists compression | 22 | |
| 8468451574 | Cartilage | Cell type called chondrocyte located in the lacunae | 23 | |
| 8468461583 | Difference of Bone | Fibers in a calcified cement Rigid bone Osteocytes in lacunae Nutrients move with blood vessels Heals quickly after injuries | 24 | |
| 8468467909 | Difference of Cartilage | Fibers in firm gel Flexibility of firm plastic Chondrocytes in lacunae Nutrients diffuse through matrix to reach cells Heals slowly after injuries | 25 | |
| 8468477423 | Epiphyseal plate | Cartilage present - growth continues No cartilage - growth stops | 26 | |
| 8468497361 | Epiphyseal line | Marks where two centers of ossification have fused together | 27 | |
| 8468509220 | Endochondral ossification | - "forming in cartilage" - A newborn's skeleton has many bones that have not completely ossified. | 28 | |
| 8468522261 | "Remodeling" | - Bone being built, broken down and rebuilt | 29 | |
| 8468528731 | Osteoblasts | - Build new bone | 30 | |
| 8468528732 | Osteoclasts | - Dissolve bone | 31 | |
| 8468533238 | Osteoporosis | - excessive loss of calcified matrix and collagenous fibers from bone causing spontaneous fractures | 32 | |
| 8468537349 | Paget's disease | - bones become thickened and enlarged but also brittle due to abnormal structural development | 33 | |
| 8468554949 | Leukemia | - damaged bone marrow; makes abnormal amounts of white blood cells known as leukocytes | 34 | |
| 8468554950 | Axial Skeleton | Skull (28) Spine (26) Chest (25) Hyoid (1) - not directly attached | 35 | |
| 8468568752 | Appendicular Skeleton | Upper extremities (64) Shoulder / Pectoral girdle Arms Wrist Hands Lower extremities (62) Hip / Pelvic girdle Legs Ankles Feet | 36 | |
| 8468581819 | 3 types of joints | Synarthroses Amphiarthroses Diarthroses | 37 | |
| 8468588052 | Synarthroses | No movement Fibrous connective tissue grows between articulating bones Example: Sutures of skull | 38 | |
| 8468594695 | Amphiarthroses | Slight movement Cartilage connects articulating bones Examples: Symphysis pubis - between the pubic bones Vertebrae joints - flex / rotate Kinds of joints | 39 | |
| 8468611066 | Diarthroses | Free movement —most joints belong to this type Structures are made alike in certain ways Joint capsule Made of strongest and toughest fibrous connective tissue Lined with synovial membrane Attaches to shaft of bone Ligaments connect bone to bone Joint cavity Space between bones A layer of cartilage at end of bones | 40 | |
| 8468655131 | Articular cartilage | Covers joint ends of bones Absorbs jolts Smooth surface = little friction | 41 | |
| 8468676848 | Synovial Membrane | —lines joint capsule and secretes lubricating fluid allowing easier movement and less friction | 42 | |
| 8468687712 | Gliding | - least moveable (Vertebrae) | 43 | |
| 8468704733 | Ball and Socket | - widest range of movement (Shoulder) | 44 | |
| 8468687713 | Conyloid | - Oval projection (Radius/ Carpal) | 45 | |
| 8468703133 | Hinge | - allow movement in only 2 directions (Elbow) | 46 | |
| 8468699409 | Flexion | - bending a joint; reduces angle of joint | 47 | |
| 8468699410 | Extension | - straightening a joint; increases angle of joint | 48 | |
| 8468699411 | Pivot | - pivots in an arch Rotation - of head (Axis/Atlas) | 49 | |
| 8468695955 | Saddle | - Only one exists in the body (Thumb) | 50 | |
| 8468800655 | Open | Goes through the skin | 51 | |
| 8468800656 | Closed | No open wound | 52 | |
| 8468800657 | Transverse | Runs across bone | 53 | |
| 8468779663 | Depressed | Driven inward | 54 | |
| 8468779664 | Fracture Dislocation | Due to bone out of joint | 55 | |
| 8468783987 | Greenstick | Bent but still hinged at one side | 56 | |
| 8468797228 | Oblique | Slants on bone | 57 | |
| 8468797229 | Spiral | Coils around bone | 58 | |
| 8468783988 | Longitudinal | Runs parallel with bone | 59 | |
| 8468787388 | Comminuted | Splintered into fragments | 60 | |
| 8468793744 | Extracapsular | Broken outside joint | 61 | |
| 8468793745 | Intracapsular | Broken inside joint | 62 | |
| 8468787389 | Impacted | Wedged into other break | 63 | |
| 8468790307 | Pathologic | At the site of bone disease | 64 |
