Chapter 15 Vocabulary.
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| 23030126 | common ion | the presence of an ion which appears in both the acid (or base) and a salt in solution. | |
| 23030127 | Common ion effect | the shift in equilibrium position that occurs because of the addition of an ion already involved in the equilibrium reaction. | |
| 23030128 | buffered solution | a solution that resists a change in its pH when either hydroxide ions or protons (hydrogen ions) are added. A buffered solution is composed of a weak acid and its salt. | |
| 23030129 | Henderson-Hasselbach equation | pH = pKa + log([A-]/[HA]) | |
| 23030130 | buffering capacity | represents the amount of protons (hydrogen ions) or hydroxide ions the buffer can absorb without a significant change in pH. The capacity of a buffered solution is determined by the magnitudes of [HA] and [A-]. | |
| 23030131 | pH curve (titration curve) | the progress of an acid-base titration monitored by plotting the pH of the solution being analyzed as a function of the amount of titrant added. | |
| 23030132 | millimole (mmol) | a quantity equal to a thousandth of a mole. | |
| 23030133 | equivalence point (stoichiometric point) | the point in the titration where an amount of base has been added to exactly react with all the acid originally present. | |
| 23030911 | acid-base indicator | marks the end point of a titration by changing color. It is important to note that the end point is defined by the change in color of the indicator. The equivalence point is defined by the reaction stoichiometry. | |
| 23030912 | phenolphthalein | a commonly used indicator, is colorless in its HIn form and pink in its In-, or basic, form. | |
| 23030913 | solubility product constant (solubility product) | (Ksp) expresses the equilibrium position that occurs for the solubility of solids. It also expresses at what point solution would be considered to be saturated. | |
| 23030914 | ion product | (Q) just like the expression for Ksp for a given solid expect that initial concentrations are used instead of equilibrium concentrations. | |
| 23030915 | selective precipitation | uses a reagent whose anion forms a precipitate with only one or a few of the metal ions in a mixture. | |
| 23030916 | qualitative analysis | separates all common cations by first separation them into five major groups based on solubilities. Each group is then treated further to separate and identify the individual ions. | |
| 23030917 | complex ion | a charged species consisting of a metal ion surrounded by ligands. | |
| 23030918 | formation constants (stability constants) | the equilbrium constant for each step of the formation of a complex ion by the addition of an individual ligand to a metal ion or complex ion in aqueous solution. |
