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ap chem Flashcards

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13915954906strong acidsHCl, HBr, HI, HNO3, H2SO4, HClO40
13915973992strong basesLiOH, NaOH, KOH, RbOH, CsOH, Ca(OH)2, Sr(OH)2, Ba(OH)21
13915988688EndothermicAbsorbs heat, releases energy2
13915993859ExothermicReleases heat, absorbs energy3
13916009169breaking bondsenergy is absorbed4
13916016980making bondsenergy is released5
13916046559Dipolespositive and negative charged ends of a polar covalent molecule6
13916699590thin layer chromatographya solid-liquid partitioning technique in which the mobile liquid phase ascends a thin layer of absorbent. The thin layer absorbent acts as a polar stationary phase for the sample to interact with. A very small sample is spotted near the base of the plate and via capillary action, the components of the spotted sample are partitioned between the mobile phase and the stationary phase.7
13916710959Gas Chromatographygas flowing through a coated tube separates compounds by their size, weight, and chemical reactivity with the coating of the tube or column8
13916714915Liquid ChromatographyUsed to identify unknown plant pigments & other compounds.9
13916718197paper chromatographymethod of separating a mixture of different colours. The liquid soaks through the paper and carries the mixture with it. Some substances are carried faster than others so the substances are separated along the paper10
13916751065factors that affect ratestate, concentration, temperature, catalyst11
13917093006first order reactionthe reaction rate is directly proportional to the concentration of only one reactant12
13917101816second order reactiona reaction whose rate depends on the concentration of one reactant raised to the second power or on the concentrations of two different reactants, each raised to the first power13
13917111682zero order reactionrate is independent of the concentration of the reactant.14
13917165769collision theoryFor a reaction to occur, the particles must collide, they must collide with the appropriate orientation, and they must collide with sufficient energy.15
13917320814pH below 7acidic16
13917323798pH above 7basic17
13917332392conjugate acidan acid that forms when a base gains a proton18
13917332393conjugate basea base that forms when an acid loses a proton19
13917342422strong acid/base dissociationcompletely dissociates20
13917342423weak acid/base dissociatepartially dissociates21
13917355145buffersweak acids or bases that can react with strong acids or bases to prevent sharp, sudden changes in pH22
13917405314K>1reaction proceeds toward completion23
13917410342K<1very small amounts of products formed24
13917415069K=1concentrations of reactants and products are approx. equal at equilibrium25
13917482881Coulomb's Lawelectric force between charged objects depends on the distance between the objects and the magnitude of the charges, electrical force grows weaker with distance26

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