Ch. 4 Types of Chemical Reactions And Solution Stoichiometry
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| 190586623 | aqueous solution | a solution in which water is the dissolving medium or solvent | |
| 190586624 | polar molecule | a molecule that has a permanent dipole moment | |
| 190586625 | hydration | the interaction between solute particles and water molecules | |
| 190586626 | solubility | the amount of a substance that dissolves in a given volume of solvent at a given temperature | |
| 190586627 | solute | a substance dissolved in liquid to form a solution | |
| 190586628 | solvent | the dissolving medium in a solution | |
| 190586629 | electrical conductivity | the ability to conduct an electric current | |
| 190586630 | strong electrolyte | a material, when dissolved in water, gives a solution that conducts an electric current very efficiently | |
| 190586631 | weak electrolyte | a material which, when dissolved in water, gives a solution that conducts only a small electric current | |
| 190586632 | nonelectrolyte | a substance that, when dissolved in water, gives a nonconducting solution | |
| 190586633 | acid | a substance that marks the end point of an acid-base titration by changing color | |
| 190586634 | strong acid | an acid that completely dissociates to produce an H+ ion and the conjugate base | |
| 190586635 | strong base | a metal hydroxide salt that completely dissociates into its ions in water | |
| 190586636 | weak acid | an acid that dissociates only slightly in aqueous solution | |
| 190586637 | weak base | a base that reacts with water to produce hydroxide ions to only a slight extent in aqueous solution | |
| 190586638 | molarity | moles of solute per volume of solution in liters | |
| 190586639 | standard solution | a solution whose concentration is accurately known | |
| 190586640 | dilution | the process of adding solvent to lower the concentration of solute in a solution | |
| 190586641 | precipitation reaction | a reaction in which an insoluble substance forms and separates from the solution | |
| 190586642 | precipitate | the solid formed in the precipitation reaction | |
| 190586643 | formula equation | an equation representing a reaction in solution showing the reactants and products in undissociated form, whether they are strong or weak electrolytes | |
| 190586644 | complete ionic equation | an equation that shows all substances that are strong electrolytes as ions | |
| 190586645 | spectator ions | ions present in solution that do not participate directly in a reaction | |
| 190586646 | net ionic equation | an equation for a reaction in solution, where strong electrolytes are written as ions, showing only those components that are directly involved in the chemical change | |
| 190586647 | base | a substance that produces hydroxide ions in aqueous solution, a proton acceptor | |
| 190586648 | neutralization reaction | an acid--base reaction | |
| 190586649 | volumetric analysis | a process involving titration of one solution with another | |
| 190586650 | titration | a technique in which one solution is used to analyze another | |
| 190586651 | stoichiometric (equivalence) point | the point in a titration when enough titrant has been added to react exactly with the substance in solution being titrated | |
| 190586652 | indicator | a chemical that changes color and is used to mark the end point of a titration | |
| 190586653 | endpoint | the point in a titration at which the indicator changes color | |
| 190586654 | oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction | a reaction in which one or more electrons are transferred | |
| 190586655 | oxidation state | a concept that provides a way to keep track of electrons in oxidation--reduction reactions according to certain rules | |
| 190586656 | oxidation | an increase in oxidation state (a loss of electrons) | |
| 190586657 | reduction | a decrease in oxidation state ( a gain of electrons) | |
| 190586658 | oxidizing agent (electron acceptor) | a reactant that accepts electrons from another reactant | |
| 190586659 | reducing agent (electron donor) | a reactant that donates electrons to another substance to reduce the oxidation state of one of its atoms | |
| 190586660 | half-reactions | the two parts of an oxidation--reduction reaction, one representing oxidation, the other reduction |
