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AP Chemistry Chpt 12: Kinetics Flashcards

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1919775329units for k are M * s⁻¹zero order rxn0
1919775330[A] = -kt + [A]₀integrated rate law for zero order rxn1
1919775331[A] vs. time straight line plotzero order rxn2
1919775332t₁/₂ = [A]₀/2khalf life for zero order rxn3
1919775333units for k in s⁻¹ (1/s)1st order rxn4
1919775334ln[A] = -kt + ln[A]₀integrated rate law for 1st order rxn5
1919775335ln[A] vs. time Straight Plot1st order rxn6
1919775336t₁/₂ = ln 2/khalf life for 1st order rxn7
1919775337units for k in M ⁻¹ * s⁻¹2nd order rxn8
19197753381/[A] = kt + 1/[A]₀integrated rate law for 2nd order rxn9
19197753391/[A] vs. time Straight Plot2nd order rxn10
1919775340t₁/₂ = 1/k[A]₀half life for 2nd order rxn11
1919775341Activation Energythe kinetic energy that reactant molecules must have to so that a reaction can occur.12
1919775342Arrhenius EquationAn equation that relates the specific rate constant to activation energy and temperature.13
1919775343CatalystA substance that increases the rate at which a reaction occurs. It remains unchanged when the reaction is complete.14
1919775344Collision TheoryA theory of reaction rates that states that effective collisions between reactant molecules must take place for reaction to occur.15
1919775345Effective CollisionA collision between molecules that results in reaction; one in which molecules collide with proper orientations and with sufficient energy to react.16
1919775346Elementary StepAn individual step in the mechanism by which a reaction occurs. The reaction order for this step matches the reactant coefficients.17
1919775347EnzymeA protein that acts as a catalyst in a biological system.18
1919775348Half-life of a ReactantThe time required for half of that reactant to be converted into product(s).19
1919775349Integrated Rate EquationAn equation that relates the concentration of a reactant remaining to the time elapsed; has different mathematical forms for different orders of reaction.20
1919775350Method of Initial RatesA method of determining the rate-law expression by carrying out a reaction with different initial concentrations and analyzing the resulting changes in initial rates.21
1919775352Rate Constantrate=k[A]^x[B]^y. An experimentally-determined constant that is different for different reactions and that, for a given reaction, changes only with temperature or the presence of a catalyst; "k" in the rate-law expression,22
1919775353Rate- determining StepThe slowest elementary step in a reaction mechanism; the step that limits the overall rate of reaction.23
1919775354Rate LawAn equation that relates the rate of a reaction to the concentrations of the reactants and the specific rate constant; rate=k[A]^x[B]^y. Must be determined from experimental data.24
1919775355Rate of ReactionThe change in concentration of a reactant or product per unit of time. (units are M / s )25
1919775356IntermediateA species that is produced and then entirely consumed during a multistep reaction; usually short-lived.26
1919775357Reaction MechanismThe sequence of fundamental steps by which reactants are converted into products.27
1919775358Thermodynamically favorable, spontaneous reactionA reaction that occurs with a net release of free energy, G; a reaction for which deltaG is negative.28
1919775359Transition stateA relatively high-energy state in which bonds in reactant molecules are partially broken and new ones are partially formed.29
1919775360Transition State TheoryA theory of reaction rates that states that reactants pass through high-energy transition states before forming products.30

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