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AP Comparative Iran TermsDE Flashcards

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9218760254Assembly of Religious Experts86 man assembly of clerics elected directly by the people; broad constitutional interpretation responsibility; selects the Supreme Leader; has the right to dismiss Supreme Leader; must have a seminary degree0
9218760255AyatollahSupreme leader of Iran; following the revolution, Khomeini became the country's Supreme Leader, a position created in the constitution as the highest ranking political and religious authority of the nation.1
9218760258Farsithe language and people group of Iran, also often called Persian2
9218760259FundamentalismReligious beliefs of a literal nature that often lead to right-wing political views.3
9218760261HezbollahA radical Shiʿite Muslim organization in Lebanon engaged in guerrilla warfare against Israel; have strong ties to Iran4
9218760263ImamPrayer leaders in mosques5
9218760264JihadLiterally "struggle"; although often used to mean armed struggle against unbelievers, most commonly means spiritual struggle for self-improvement.6
9218760265Jurist's guardianshipDeveloped by Ayatollah Khomeini, supports the notion that senior clerics have the best capacity to rule in a Muslim society; Iranian clergy should rule on the grounds that they are the divinely appointed guardians of both the law and the people7
9218760266MajlesArabic term for "assembly"; used in Iran to describe the parliament.8
9218760267MosqueMuslim place of worship, equivalent to a church, temple, or synagogue.9
9218760268OPECOrganization of Petroleum Exporting Countries; Founded in 1960 by Iran, Venezuela, and Saudi Arabia, it now includes most oil-exporting states with the notable exceptions of Mexico and former members of the Soviet Union. It tries to regulate prices by regulating production.10
9218760269PahlavisLeaders of the dynasty of the shahs, favored westernization11
9218760271People of the BookThe Muslim term for recognized religious minorities, such as Christians, Jews, and Zoroastrians.12
9218760273Qur'anMuslim holy book, believed to be the word of God, given to prophet Muhammad13
9218760274Rentier stateA country that obtains much of its revenue from the export of oil or other natural resources.14
9218760275Shari'aIslamic law derived mostly from the Qur'an and the examples set by the Prophet Muhammad.15
9218760276Shi'ism (or Shiite)Dominant branch of Islam in Iran, believe that the head of Islam should be a descendant of prophet Muhammad16
9218760277Supreme LeaderTitle given to the ayatollah who sits atop all Iranian political institutions.17
9218760278TheocracyA government ruled by religion; religious leaders are the head of the nation-state; rule on the grounds that they are the only interpreters of God's will and law.18
9218760280White RevolutionThe term used by the shah to describe reforms in Iran between the end of World War II and the downfall of his regime in 197919
9218760281ZoroastrianismPersian religion founded by Zoroaster; taught that humans had the freedom to choose between right and wrong, and that goodness would triumph in the end20
9218760282Iran21
9218760283Iraq22
9218760284Turkey23
9218760285Israel24
9218760286Palestine25
9218760287Egypt26
9218760288Syria27
9218760289Afghanistan28
9218760290United Arab Emirates (UAE)29
9218760291Saudi Arabia30

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