Terms : Hide Images
| 10481334713 | algorithm | a set of instructions for a task | 0 | |
| 10481334714 | operating system | a program that manages system-level tasks a computer performs | 1 | |
| 10481334715 | Interactive Development Environment (IDE) | a programming environment that includes an editor, debugger, and compiler | 2 | |
| 10481334716 | user interface | the way a user interacts with a computer program | 3 | |
| 10481334717 | String literal | one or more characters enclosed in double quotation marks | 4 | |
| 10481334718 | operand | a value or variable that is operated on in an arithmetic expression | 5 | |
| 10481334719 | operator | a symbol specifying a mathematical or logical operation | 6 | |
| 10481334720 | modulus | the remainder after performing division when the % sign is used in an arithmetic expression | 7 | |
| 10481334721 | concatenation | an operation which combines two strings into one | 8 | |
| 10481334722 | assignment operator | the = symbol which is used to store a value in a variable | 9 | |
| 10481334723 | variable | a symbol that represents a value and identifies its storage location in memory | 10 | |
| 10481334724 | primitive data types | a data type defined by a programming language; e.g. int, double | 11 | |
| 10481334725 | instance | a specific realization of any object | 12 | |
| 10481334726 | int data type | a primitive data type that represents integer values. Ranges from -2147483648 to 2147483648 | 13 | |
| 10481334727 | data type declaration | declares the data type of a variable; e.g. int a; | 14 | |
| 10481334728 | base-2 representation | binary -- (0, 1) | 15 | |
| 10481334729 | base-8 representation | octal -- (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7) | 16 | |
| 10481334730 | base-10 representation | decimal -- (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9) | 17 | |
| 10481334731 | base-16 representation | hexadecimal -- (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, a, b, c, d, e, f); begins with 0x | 18 | |
| 10481334732 | double data type | a primitive data type that represents floating point decimal values | 19 | |
| 10481334733 | char data type | stores single keyboard characters | 20 | |
| 10481334734 | boolean data type | restricted to logical values (true/false) | 21 | |
| 10481334735 | Java primitive data types | 1) double 2) int 3) float 4) long 5) short 6) boolean 7) byte 8) char | 22 | |
| 10481334736 | casting | the process of changing the value of one data type into a value of another data type | 23 | |
| 10481334737 | evaluation | the process of determining the value of an expression | 24 | |
| 10481334738 | floor | the greatest integer less than or equal to the floating point number | 25 | |
| 10481334739 | byte | a sequence of 8 bits used to encode a single character | 26 | |
| 10481334740 | assignment conversion | occurs when a value with less precision is assigned to a variable with greater precision; widening conversion (narrowing conversion is not possible w/ this method) e.g. double x = 100; | 27 | |
| 10481334741 | arithmetic promotion | occurs automatically in an expression of mixed types; e.g. double x = 3.14 * 10 * 10; (10s become 10.0s) | 28 | |
| 10481334742 | arithmetic demotion | narrowing conversion; e.g. int x = (int)3.14; truncation | 29 | |
| 10481334743 | overflow condition | occurs when a calculation whose exact result lies outside of the Java integer range | 30 | |
| 10481334744 | underflow condition | occurs when a calculation whose exact result is a number of smaller absolute value than is acceptable | 31 | |
| 10481334745 | increment operator | instructs Java to add one to a variable's current value and reassign the result to the variable; ++ | 32 | |
| 10481334746 | decrement operator | instructs Java to subtract one from a variable's current value and reassign the result to the variable; -- | 33 | |
| 10481334747 | pseudocode | a pre-programming technique for representing an algorithm in English-like statements | 34 | |
| 10481334748 | character literals | represented by a single keyboard character and are enclosed in single quotes | 35 | |
| 10481334749 | ASCII | the American Standard Code for Information Interchange which defines values for letters, numbers, punctuation marks, and some non-printable functions | 36 | |
| 10481334750 | object-oriented progamming | a program design technique based on modeling the interaction between classes of objects | 37 | |
| 10481334751 | index | indicates the position of a character in a string, i.e. in the string abcde, a has an index of 0 and b of 1 | 38 | |
| 10481334752 | .length( ); | the total number of characters in a string | 39 | |
| 10481334753 | escape sequence | a pair of symbols beginning with a backslash that has a special meaning within a print statement | 40 | |
| 10481334754 | Java API | documentation for all of Java's classes (API = Application Programming Interface) | 41 | |
| 10481334755 | Instance variables | attributes of an object defined within a class | 42 | |
| 10481334756 | constructors | a statement that instantiates an object and initializes the object's private instance variables | 43 | |
| 10481334757 | bits | a single binary digit (0 or 1) | 44 | |
| 10481334758 | conditional | a statement involving a binary decision | 45 | |
| 10481334759 | relational operators | an operator used to compare two values, variables, or expressions | 46 | |
| 10481334760 | flow of control | the order in which statements are executed (sequential, looping, branching, etc.) | 47 | |
| 10481334761 | identity operator | ==; tests whether its operands are the same | 48 | |
| 10481334762 | block of code | segment of code between a pair of opening and closing curly braces ({ and }) | 49 | |
| 10481334763 | identity equality | refers to whether two objects are actually the same object | 50 | |
| 10481334764 | logical operators | an operator that can be applied to boolean values or expressions ( && , || ) | 51 | |
| 10481334765 | loop | program statements that cause a segment of code to be repeated until a terminating condition is met | 52 | |
| 10481334766 | negation | the use of the logical operator ! (not) to reverse the evaluation of a Boolean expression from true to false or from false to true | 53 | |
| 10481334767 | nested loop | a loop which appears within the body of another loop | 54 | |
| 10481334768 | data structure | a collection of data that is referred to by one name such as arrays and array lists | 55 | |
| 10481334769 | array | a data structure containing a single type of data (e.g. ints, Strings, etc.) which is accessed by index positions | 56 | |
| 10481334770 | class | a data-type in object-oriented programming that consists of a group of objects with the same properties and behaviors and that is arranged in a hierarchy with other such data types | 57 | |
| 10481334771 | object | an instance of a class; has a state and a behavior | 58 | |
| 10481334772 | method | a method is a collection of statements that are grouped together to perform an operation and can be invoked at any point in the program by utilizing its name | 59 | |
| 10481334773 | Unified Modeling Language (UML) | a standard for visually representing the design and documentation of a computer program | 60 | |
| 10481334774 | class diagram | a diagram that depicts use and inheritance relationships between classes | 61 | |
| 10481334775 | overloading | the process that allows multiple methods to share the same name as long as their parameter lists differ | 62 | |
| 10481334776 | accessors | methods that access private instance variables but do not change them | 63 | |
| 10481334777 | mutators | methods that change (or mutates) the values of private instance variables | 64 | |
| 10481334778 | getters | methods that return a value to an invoking statement | 65 | |
| 10481334779 | setters | methods that only assign values to variables or objects | 66 | |
| 10481334780 | class hierarchy | a class hierarchy displays classes in a hierarchy; the hierarchy is a specialized form of the class above it | 67 | |
| 10481334781 | inheritance | the process by which a class automatically contains the variables and methods defined in its superclass | 68 | |
| 10481334782 | polymorphism | the ability of being able to assign a different usage to a method and/or object | 69 | |
| 10481334783 | extends | Keyword used to determine the inheritance of the Superclass and subclass | 70 | |
| 10481334784 | public | when a variable, method, or class is public, it can be seen and used by any other class | 71 | |
| 10481334785 | superclass | the parent class of a subclass; a class that has been extended by another class. It allows the class extending it to inherit its state and behaviors. | 72 | |
| 10481334786 | subclass | derived from a superclass; it inherits the public methods and variables from the class it extends | 73 | |
| 10481334787 | abstract class | a type of class that is not meant to be instantiated and cannot be instantiated | 74 | |
| 10481334788 | interface | a Java keyword that defines a set of abstract methods to be implemented by a specific class; objects of this type cannot be instantiated. | 75 | |
| 10481334789 | traversal | iteration through an array or ArrayList | 76 | |
| 10481334790 | insertion sort | A simple sorting algorithm that builds the final sorted array one item at a time. It essentially inserts the current number into the appropriate spot in the sorted section of the array. | 77 | |
| 10481334791 | selection sort | A sorting algorithm that divides the array into two parts: sorted and unsorted. It will swap array values to find the min value and move it to the sorted part of the array. | 78 | |
| 10481334792 | merge sort | works by using a divide and conquer method to split the array apart until there are 1 element sets; these sets are then merged back together in sorted order; after all the merges are complete, the array is sorted | 79 | |
| 10481334793 | precondition | an assertion that should be true at the moment when the method is called | 80 | |
| 10481334794 | postcondition | an assertion that should be true when the method completes execution | 81 | |
| 10481334795 | .length; | Returns the length of an array | 82 | |
| 10481334796 | .size( ); | Returns the length of an ArrayList | 83 | |
| 10481334797 | super | A keyword in java which is used to refer to the immediate parent class object. | 84 | |
| 10481334798 | recursion | A programming technique in which a method will call itself to solve a problem. It breaks down the problem into similar sub-problems of the same format. | 85 | |
| 10481334799 | Merge Sort | A recursive algorithm that divides the input array each time the method is called. It will divide the array completely, put the data in order, and then merge the array back together. | 86 | |
| 10481334800 | ArrayList | A dynamic array that change adjust its size by easily adding and removing objects to the array | 87 | |
| 10481334801 | Linear Search | Given a list and an element to search for, return the index of that element in the list. | 88 | |
| 10481334802 | Binary Search | This algorithm ( O (log (n)) finds the position of a specified value, or key, within a sorted array. Eliminates half of the array with each iteration of the loop to find the target quickly. | 89 | |
| 10481334803 | 2D Array | An array that holds a set of arrays. Its data is organized by rows and columns, and usually represents grids, tables, or matrices. | 90 | |
| 10481334804 | HashMap | O (n) A data structure that maps a key to a value or multiple values. | 91 | |
| 10481334805 | Hashing Algorithm | An algorithm that calculates a unique number based on a key. That number is then used to determine the index where the data is stored. | 92 | |
| 10481334806 | Collision | When two keys have the same value in a HashMap. | 93 |
