Terms : Hide Images
| 54990275 | Argument | a process in which a speaker, writer or artist tries to elicit a desired response from an audience by identifying commonalities in the interest of both parties | |
| 54990276 | Assertion | conclusion one draws based on some combination of reasons and assumptions (claims, thesis) | |
| 54990277 | Assumption | provides the connection between the evidence or proof and the conclusions drawn from the proof (the unseen glue in an argument) | |
| 54990278 | Thesis | the main assertion in an argument | |
| 54990279 | Claim | an assertion | |
| 54990280 | Summary | key ideas from an argument | |
| 54990281 | Premise | another word for assumption and reason (formal logic) | |
| 54990282 | Definition of terms | explaining or clarifying a word or expression | |
| 54990283 | Analogy | suggestion that two ideas, situations, are comparable in certain ways | |
| 54990284 | False Analogy | the claim of persuasive likeness when no significant likeness exists | |
| 54990285 | Syllogism | classic outline of deduction used to test the logic of an argument | |
| 54990286 | Enthymene | a compact deductive argument | |
| 54990287 | Deductive | a method of organization arguments by drawing a conclusion based on general principle (ex: Declaration of Independence) | |
| 54990288 | Inductive | a method of organizing an argument by generalizing from the specific data | |
| 54990289 | Faulty Assumption | an incorrect connection between the evidence and the conclusion | |
| 54990290 | False Dilemma | an either or situation in which the writer implies that we have only two choices | |
| 54990291 | Equivocation | two meanings at the same time in one word or phrase | |
| 54990292 | Red Herring | a distraction inserted into an argument | |
| 54990293 | Non Sequitur | an erroneous connection between the evidence and the conclusion | |
| 54990294 | Begging the Question | taking for granted from the start what you set you demonstrate. When you reason in a logical way, you state that because something is true, then, as a result, some other truth follows. When you __________________ however you repeat that what is true is true. If you argue, for instance that dogs are menace to people because they are dangerous, you don't prove a thing. Beggars of a question often repeat what they already believe, only in different words. | |
| 54990295 | Least to most important organization | starts with less strong assertion and builds up to the strongest ones in order to establish a sense of momentum and emphasize the most important points | |
| 54990296 | Conclusion | a third statement produced from two statements or propositions taken to be true | |
| 54990297 | Inference | conclusion reached from something know and going on to something not fully know or observed | |
| 54990298 | Rebuttal | proof that an argument or statement is wrong; the answer to an assumption, point of view, or statement with which one disagrees | |
| 54990299 | Dogmatism | an ethical fallacy, a writer who attempts to persuade by asserting or assuming that a particular position is the only one conceivably acceptable within a community is trying to enforce _________. Indeed, _________ is a problem of character because the tactic undermines the trust that must exist between those who would make and those who would receive arguments. In effect, people who speak or write ____________ imply that there are no arguments to be made, the truth is self evident to those who know better (Lunford and Ruszkiewicz) | |
| 54990300 | Oversimplification | supplying neat and easy explanations for large and complicated phenomena. "No wonder drug abuse is out of control. Look at how the courts have hobbled police officers." _____________ solutions are also popular "All these teenage kids that get in trouble with the law- why, they ought to ship 'em over to China. That would straighten 'em out." | |
| 54990301 | Hasty Generalization | leaping to a generalization from inadequate or faulty evidence. "Men aren't sensitive enough to be day-care providers." "Women are too emotional to fight in combat." | |
| 54990302 | Either/Or Reasoning | assuming that a reality may be divided into only two parts of extremes: assuming that a given problem has only one of two possible solutions | |
| 54990303 | Argument from doubtful or unidentified authority | "We ougt to castrate all sex offenders; Uncle Oswald says we should." | |
| 54990304 | Argument Ad Hominen | (Latin "to the man")- attacking a persons view by attacking his or her character "Mayor burns is divorced and estranged from his family. How can we listen to his pleas for a city nursing home." | |
| 54990305 | Post hoc (ergo propter hoc) | (Latin- after this, therefore because of this) or for short: assuming that because B follows A, B is caused by A. | |
| 54990306 | Omission | excluding fact that would disprove the assertion | |
| 54990307 | Loaded Question | "Do you no longer support the death penalty?" The assumption is that a person did support the death penalty at one time. |
