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AP English--Argumentation Vocabulary Flashcards

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5060657500ClaimA statement that you are asking another person to accept or at least understand. Ex: You should use a hearing aid.0
5060661036EvidenceSupport for your claim--the more concrete, the better Ex: Hearing aids help amplify sounds so that you can hear better.1
5060664244CounterargumentAt least one good reason why others might disagree or offer an alternative point of view Ex: With the use of a hearing aid, there will be technical difficulties with the device.2
5060674855RebuttalA reason why the counterclaim is not as strong as the Claim. Ex: There is a support desk that deals with technical problems. (If someone is offering the counterclaim that there maybe technical difficulties with the hearing aids.)3
5060680780AudienceAn intended audience is not necessary ; the writer is satisfied with "putting the truth out there."4
5060684276Argumentative ToneWriter maintains a tone of fairness and reasonableness. Their attitude remains respectful, tactful and formal.5
5060699149GroundsStatistical data or hard facts, plus the reasoning behind the claim. Ex: Over 70% of all people over 65 years have a hearing difficulty.6
5060702122WarrantThis is what links the grounds to a claim thus proving the grounds to be relevant. Ex: A hearing aid helps most people to hear better.7
5060707834QualifierSpecific words that limit how universally the claim applies. Examples, most, usually, every, always, sometimes. Ex: Hearing aids help most people.8
5060729225BackingSupport for an argument that gives additional support to the warrant by answering different questions. Ex: Hearing aids are available locally.9
5060751148Toulmin ModelA Model that includes a claim, a rebuttal, grounds, warrants, backing, and qualifiers.10

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