Terms for AP English, Pages 3 and 4
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| 10224909273 | Invective | An emotionally violent, verbal denunciation or attack using strong, abusive language. | 0 | |
| 10224909274 | Irony/ironic | the contrast between what is stated explicitly and what is really meant, or the different between what appears to be and what is actually true. Often used to great poignancy or humor. Three kinds: Verbal (spoken), Situational (turns out opposite of what is expected), Dramatic (when facts are unknown to character but known to audience) | 1 | |
| 10224909275 | Litotes | A form of understatement that involves making an affirmative point by denying its opposite. Opposite of hyperbole | 2 | |
| 10224909276 | loose sentence/non-periodic sentence | a type of sentence in which the main idea comes first, followed by dependent grammatical units such as phrases and clauses. Example - (I arrived at San Diego airport)(after a long, bumpy ride and many delays) | 3 | |
| 10224909277 | Metaphor | A figure of speech using implied comparison of seemingly unlike things or the substitution of one for the other, suggesting some similarity. Makes writing more vivid, imaginative and meaningful | 4 | |
| 10224909278 | Metonymy | From the Greek meaning "changed label" or "substitute name"; figure of speech in which the name of one object is substituted for that of another closely associated with it. (White House substituted in for the President) | 5 | |
| 10224909279 | Mood | The prevailing atmosphere or emotional aura of a work. Setting, tone, and events can affect it. Similar to tone and atmosphere. | 6 | |
| 10224909280 | Narrative | The telling of a story or an account of an event or series of events. | 7 | |
| 10224909281 | Onomatopoeia | A figure of speech in which natural sounds are imitated in the sounds of words. | 8 | |
| 10224909282 | Oxymoron | From the Greek for "pointedly foolish"; a figure of speech wherein the author of groups apparently contradictory terms to suggest a paradox | 9 | |
| 10224909283 | Paradox | A statement that appears to be self-contradictory or opposed to common sense but upon closer inspections contains some degree of truth or validity | 10 | |
| 10224909284 | Parallelism | Also referred to as parallel construction or parallel structure, come from Greek roots meaning "beside one another"; refers to grammatical or rhetorical framing of words, phrases, sentences, or paragraphs to give structural similarity. This can involve, but not limited to, repetition of a grammatical element such as a preposition or verbal phrase | 11 | |
| 10224909285 | Anaphora | A sub-type of parallelism, when the exact repetition of words or phrases at the beginning of successive lines or sentences. Luke Bryan's "I believe..." in his song "Most People are Good" | 12 | |
| 10224909286 | Parody | A work that closely imitates the style or content of another with the specific aim of comic effect and/or ridicule. Exploits peculiarities of an author's expression. Could offer enlightenment about the original. | 13 | |
| 10224909287 | Pedantic | An adjective that describes words, phrases, or a general tone that is overly scholarly to academic, or bookish; language that is "show-offy" | 14 | |
| 10224909288 | Periodic Sentence | The opposite of a loose sentence, a sentence that presents its central meaning in a main clause at the end. This independent clause is preceded by a phrase or clause that cannot stand alone. To add emphasis and structural variety. | 15 | |
| 10224909289 | Personification | A figure of speech in which the author presents it describes concepts, animals, or objects appear more vivid to the reader | 16 | |
| 10224909290 | point of view | the perspective from which a story is told | 17 | |
| 10224909291 | first-person point of view | the narrator is a character in the story and used words like I, me, we | 18 | |
| 10224909292 | third-person omniscient | the narrator is an all-knowing observer who can relate what every character thinks and feels | 19 | |
| 10224909293 | third-person limited omniscient | the narrator relates only things about only one of the characters | 20 | |
| 10224909294 | Prose | One of the major divisions of genre; refers to fiction and nonfiction, including all its forms. In it the printer determines the length of the line; in poetry, the poet determines the length of the line | 21 | |
| 10224909295 | Repetition | The duplication, either exact or approximate, of any element of language, such as a sound, word, phrase, clause, sentence, or grammatical pattern. | 22 | |
| 10224909296 | Rhetoric | From the Greek for "orator"; describes the principles governing the the art of writing effectively, eloquently, and persuasively. | 23 | |
| 10224909297 | Rhetorical modes | Describes the variety, the conventions, and the purposes of the major kinds of writing | 24 | |
| 10224909298 | Exposition (Rhetorical modes) | Telling someone what something is and the meaning behind what you are talking about. | 25 | |
| 10224909299 | Argumentation (Rhetorical modes) | Arguing a point to someone. | 26 | |
| 10224909300 | Description (Rhetorical modes) | Describing an event or object in detail. | 27 | |
| 10224909301 | Narration (Rhetorical modes) | Telling someone something through a story. | 28 |
