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AP English Language and Composition Terms Flashcards

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5832701700AlliterationMy definition: Repeating sounds that are close together. AP definition: The repetition of sounds, especially initial consonant sounds in two or more neighboring words. Honors definition: The repetition of same or similar consonant sounds in words that are close together.0
5832720746AllusionMy definition: Referencing a specific event, place, or technology in history. AP definition: A direct or indirect reference to something which is presumably commonly known, such as an event, book, myth, place, or work of art. Honors definition: A seemingly brief reference to something in history, politics, literature, art, or music which the writer expects the reader to understand and relate to the work.1
5832735963ApostropheMy definition: Addresses something that is imaginary to have human-like qualities. AP definition: A figure of speech that directly addresses an absent or imaginary person or a personified abstraction, such as liberty or love.2
5832745169ArgumentationMy definition: The entire main idea or point of the story that the author tries to advocate for or against. Google definition: The main statement of a poem, an essay, a short story, or a novel that usually appears as an introduction or a point on which the writer will develop his work in order to convince his readers.3
5832768431Argumentum Ad HominemMy definition: When the argument is directed to attack a person or an attribute of the person arguing, getting away from the original point. Google definition: A logical fallacy in which an argument is rebutted by attacking the character, motive, or other attribute of the person making the argument, or persons associated with the argument, rather than attacking the substance of the argument itself4
5832778357Begging the QuestionMy definition: When the author assumes that whatever is being said is to be true. Google definition: A logical fallacy in which the writer or speaker assumes the statement under examination to be true.5
5832789207Causal ReasoningMy definition: Identifying what is the cause and the effect of the story and how it relates. Google definition: The process of identifying causality: the relationship between a cause and its effect.6
5832799800CharacterizationMy definition: An attribute of a person or character that makes them unique. Google definition: A description of qualities or peculiarities. Honors definition: The creation of believable fictitious personalities.7
5832811248ClassificationMy definition: Comparing and contrasting certain events, people, or things and sorting them through their characteristics. Google definition: The action or process of classifying something according to shared qualities or characteristics.8
5832819942Complex SentenceMy definition: A sentence that has a dependent and an independent idea together. Google definition: A sentence containing a subordinate clause or clauses.9
5832909973Compound-Complex SentenceMy definition: Having two or more independent ideas with one or more dependent ideas. Google definition: A sentence having two or more coordinate independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.10
5832921496Compound SentenceMy definition: Having more than one subject in a sentence. Google definition: A sentence with more than one subject or predicate.11
5832927420Concluding ParagraphMy definition: Typically, the last paragraph in an essay that summarizes the paper and answers any remaining problems/suggests something new. Google definition: The last paragraph in an academic essay and generally summarizes the essay, presents the main idea of the essay, or gives an overall solution to a problem or argument given in the essay.12
5832937934ConnotationMy definition: When a word or a phrase is implying a certain meaning, but never has a literal meaning. AP definition: The non-literal, associative meaning of a word; the implied, suggested meaning. Honors definition: The implied meaning of a word or phrase.13
5832947246Declarative SentenceMy definition: A single sentence that has a statement that is declared. Google definition: The subject normally precedes the verb and almost always ends with a period.14
5832955992DeductionMy definition: When you go from a general meaning to something very specific. Google definition: A method of reasoning from the general to the specific.15
5832963569DefinitionMy definition: What defines a specific word or a phrase. Google definition: A statement of the exact meaning of a word, especially in a dictionary.16
5832973266DenotationMy definition: The opposite of connotation, it is the literal definition of a word or phrase. AP definition: The strict, literal, dictionary definition of a word, devoid of any emotion, attitude, or color. Honors definition: The literal meaning of a word or phrase.17
5832981126DescriptionMy definition: What is used to describe how something looks or the characteristics of it. Google definition: A text that explains the features of something.18
5832991583DictionMy definition: The choice of how something is written. AP definition: Related to style, diction refers to the writer's word choices, especially with regard to their correctness, clearness, or effectiveness. Honors definition: The choice or use of words in oral and written discourse.19
5847639633DramaMy definition: A story that consists of characters and conflict that is often performed in a theater or on stage. Google definition: A composition in prose or verse presenting in dialogue or pantomime a story involving conflict or contrast of character, especially one intended to be acted on the stage. Honors definition: The literary form designed for presentation in a theater by actors representing characters.20
5847832856ElegyMy definition: A type of poem that is made in honor of someone who has died. Google definition: A poem or song in the form of elegiac couplets, written in honor of someone deceased.21
5847874852EnthymemeMy definition: Using deductive reasoning to argue around a major point. Google definition: An argumentative statement in which the writer or the speaker omits one of the major or minor premises, does not clearly pronounce it, or keeps this premise.22
5850991914EthosMy definition: Arguing for credibility of the original person. AP definition: One of the fundamental strategies of argumentation identified by Aristotle; basically an appeal to credibility. Google definition: An appeal to ethics, and it is a means of convincing someone of the character or credibility of the persuader.23
5851022577EulogyMy definition: Celebrating the end of someone or something. Google definition: To praise somebody or something.24
5851031680Exclamatory SentenceMy definition: A sentence that declares something through extra expression. AP definition: A sentence that conveys excitement or force. Google definition: A type of main clause that expresses strong feelings by making an exclamation.25
5851046788ExemplificationMy definition: Presenting something through an example. AP definition: Showing by example. Google definition: A showing or illustrating by example.26
5851061255ExpositionMy definition: Part of a plot, it is used to introduce the setting, time, and characters of a story. Google definition: A literary device used to introduce background information about events, settings, characters etc. to the audience or readers.27
5851071412FallacyMy definition: When an argument is claimed invalid due to the failure of valid reasoning and evidence. AP definition: A failure of logical reasoning. Google definition: A display of faulty reasoning that makes an argument invalid, or a faulty belief based on an unsound argument.28
5851089257FictionMy definition: A false story that never happened in reality. Honors definition: An imagined story, whether in prose, poetry, or drama. Google definition: Literature created from the imagination, not presented as fact, though it may be based on a true story or situation.29
5851106632Five-Paragraph ThemeMy definition: A typical essay composed of an introduction paragraph, three body paragraphs, and a conclusion paragraph. Google definition: A prose composition that follows a prescribed format of an introductory paragraph, three body paragraphs, and a concluding paragraph.30
5851146757Formulaic StructureMy definition: A structure/forming of a group of words to be used. Google definition: An established form of words or symbols for use in a ceremony or procedure.31
5851162123HeroMy definition: The main character in a story that does amazing feats and conquers internal and external problems. Google definition: A person or main character of a literary work who, in the face of danger, combats adversity through impressive feats of ingenuity, bravery or strength, often sacrificing his or her own personal concerns for some greater good.32
5856766839Tragic HeroMy definition: A type of hero that makes an error in his/her quest that eventually leads to their impending doom. Google definition: A literary character who makes a judgment error that inevitably leads to his/her own destruction.33
5856916391HumorMy definition: A type of expression that allows a person to appear funny. AP definition: A specific tone or attitude a writer may use in an essay by attempting to be comedic or amusing. Google definition: The quality of a literary or informative work that makes the character and/or situations seem funny, amusing, or ludicrous.34
5857013183HyperboleMy definition: An exaggeration that is not to be taken literally. AP definition: An exaggeration, fairly common in nonfiction prose arguments, that bolsters an argument. Honors definition: An exaggeration for the sake of emphasis and is not to be taken literally.35
5857285946IdeaMy definition: The main central theme that arises in literature. Google definition: The aim or purpose.36
5857320608ImageryMy definition: When a story provokes one of your five senses. AP definition: Any time one of the five senses (visual, auditory, tactile, olfactory, gustatory) is evoked by what you have read, you have encountered this. Honors definition: The use of vivid, concrete sensory details.37
5857339828Imperative SentenceMy definition: A sentence that commands someone/something to do something. AP definition: A command. Google definition: A type of sentence that gives advice or instructions or that expresses a request or command.38
5857361422InductionMy definition: When you reach a conclusion to a problem through logic and reasoning. Google definition: A conclusion reached through reasoning.39
5857377761Interrogative SentenceMy definition: A sentence that asks someone/something a question. AP definition: A question. Google definition: A type of sentence that asks a question.40
5857403049Introductory ParagraphMy definition: A paragraph that introduces the main topic and the thesis of the composition. Google definition: The opening paragraph in a conventional essay, composition, or report.41
5857419350IronyMy definition: The contrast between something that is said or done and what is expected. AP definition: The use of words to express something other than and often the opposite of the literal meaning. Honors definition: The contrast between what appears to be on the surface and what actually is.42
5857448224Dramatic IronyMy definition: When the audience or the reader knows something that is about to happen or a piece of information that the characters in a story do not know of. Honors definition: Occurs when an audience or reader knows some crucial piece of information that the characters do not know. Google definition: When the audience knows something the characters do not.43
5857482642Situational IronyMy definition: When something is expected to happen and the opposite happens. Honors definition: Occurs when the opposite of what the characters or reader expects happens. Google definition: When incongruity appears between expectations of something to happen, and what actually happens instead.44
5857505583Verbal IronyMy definition: When something is said and the opposite is meant, kind of like sarcasm. Honors definition: Occurs when someone says one thing and means something else. Google definition: A person says or writes one thing and means another, or uses words to convey a meaning that is the opposite of the literal meaning.45
5857524303LitotesMy definition: An exaggerated understatement that usually means less than what should be meant. Honors definition: An understatement which is achieved by saying less than one means. Google definition: A figure of speech which employs an understatement by using double negatives or, in other words, positive statement is expressed by negating its opposite expressions.46
5857545162LogosMy definition: A type of persuasion that occurs through logic and/or reason. AP definition: Appeal based on logic or reason. Google definition: A literary device that can be defined as a statement, sentence or argument used to convince or persuade the targeted audience by employing reason or logic.47
5857565669Mechanical StructureMy definition: A type of structure of images and multimedia. Google definition: A way to group lines, arcs, and circles (geometry) as parts, and later, group parts as assemblies.48
5857578197MetaphorMy definition: A comparison of two unlike things without using the words "like" or "as". AP definition: A figure of speech in which what is unknown is compared to something that is known in order to better gauge its importance. Honors definition: A figure of speech involving an implied comparison between two essentially unlike things in order to give the characteristics of one to the other.49
5857607426MetonymyMy definition: Replacing the name of something with the name of something closely related. AP definition: A minor figure of speech in which the name of one thing is substituted for another with which it is closely associated. Google definition: A figure of speech that replaces the name of a thing with the name of something else with which it is closely associated.50
5857632744MoodMy definition: Provoking emotions in the reader through the story. Honors definition: The atmosphere or predominant emotion in a literary work. Google definition: A literary element that evokes certain feelings or vibes in readers through words and descriptions.51
5857653439MotifMy definition: Something that is used to provoke a central theme or a main idea. Honors definition: A central theme or idea. Google definition: Used to establish a theme or a certain mood; they have a symbolic meaning.52
5857672102NarrationMy definition: Telling a story. AP definition: Telling a story; a specific way of telling a story. Google definition: The action or process of narrating a story.53
5857712056NaturalismMy definition: A movement that allowed for human development. Google definition: It is a type of extreme realism that suggested the role of family background, social conditions and environment in shaping human character.54
5857727478NonfictionMy definition: A type of literature that talks about events that really happened or people that actually existed in history. Google definition: The branch of literature comprising works of narrative prose dealing with or offering opinions or conjectures upon facts and reality, including biography, history, and the essay.55
5857743004Non SequiturMy definition: Conclusions that are made based off of illogical reasoning. AP definition: This literally means "it does not follow"; this is an argument by misdirection and is logically irrelevant. Google definition: Those literary devices which include the statements, sayings and conclusions that do not follow the fundamental principles of logic and reason.56
5857763949NovelMy definition: A type of story that follows a fiction path. AP definition: Strikingly new or unusual. Honors definition: A long prose fiction which represents humans in significant action in their world.57
5857789332NovellaMy definition: A type of literature that is longer than your typical story, but still is shorter than a typical novel. Honors definition: A short novel. Google definition: A literary genre of written fiction.58
5857806921Organic StructureMy definition: A type of structure that is very adaptable to change. Google definition: One that is very flexible and is able to adapt well to changes.59
5857824700OvergeneralizationMy definition: When you tend to have a too broad range of topics. Google definition: The process of extending the application of a rule to items that are excluded from it in the language norm.60
5857847208OxymoronMy definition: When you combine opposite words/concepts together to make a new word/concept. AP definition: Two words that together create a sense of opposition. Honors definition: A figure of speech that combines opposite or contradictory ideas or terms.61
5857863006ParadoxMy definition: A statement that makes you reread it because it appears to be false, at first, but makes sense the second time you read it. AP definition: A major figure of speech in rhetorical analysis that seeks to create a mental discontinuity, which then forces the reader to pause and seek clarity. Honors definition: A statement or situation that seems contradictory or mistaken on the surface, yet turns out to make sense when carefully examined.62
5857903516PathosMy definition: Something that sparks emotion from the reader to the characters in the story. AP definition: An appeal to emotion; one of the fundamental strategies of argumentation identified by Aristotle Honors definition: The quality in art and literature which stimulates pity, tenderness, or sorrow in the reader or viewer.63
5857919366PersonificationMy definition: Giving a non-human object/thing human characteristics. AP definition: Giving human attributes to non-human things. Honors definition: The giving of human characteristics to something which is essentially non-human.64
5857937137Plot DevelopmentMy definition: The development of a problem to the resolution of that problem in a story. Google definition: A literary term used to describe the events that make up a story or the main part of a story.65
5857949237PoetryMy definition: A type of literature that expresses thoughts and feelings through patterns of language. Google definition: Literary work in which special intensity is given to the expression of feelings and ideas by the use of distinctive style and rhythm; poems collectively or as a genre of literature.66
5857979002Political CorrectnessMy definition: Making sure you avoid topics that will spark controversy and conflict. Google definition: Conforming to a belief that language and practices which could offend political sensibilities (as in matters of sex or race) should be eliminated.67
5858003138Post Hoc Ergo Property HocMy definition: Predicting something will happen based upon past events. Google definition: A logical fallacy that states "Since event Y followed event X, event Y must have been caused by event X."68
5858023153ProseMy definition: A type of structure that is deemed either normal or nonexistent. Honors definition: The normal pattern of speech and writing. Google definition: A form of language that has no formal metrical structure.69
5858038439RealismMy definition: A type of literature that aims to appeal to reality as much as possible. AP definition: Artistic representation that aims for visual accuracy. Google definition: The attitude or practice of accepting a situation as it is and being prepared to deal with it accordingly.70
5858056846RhetoricMy definition: Using language effectively to bring an idea across. AP definition: The study of the effective use of language; the art of using language effectively and persuasively. Google definition: A technique of using language effectively and persuasively in spoken or written form.71
5858077278Rhetorical StructureMy definition: A type of structure that focuses on being as effective and impactful as possible. Google definition: A major aspect of the organization of natural text.72
5858093308RomanticismMy definition: A type of literature that emphasized on emotions and feelings in a story. Google definition: A style of art, literature, etc., during the late 18th and early 19th centuries that emphasized the imagination and emotions.73
5866229775SatireMy definition: Combining judgement and humor in order to reveal problems. AP definition: The use of irony, sarcasm, ridicule, and humor in exposing or denouncing vice or folly. Honors definition: A work which combines humor with criticism in order to improve society or humanity.74
5866264513Sequential StructureMy definition: A similar structure to chronological in which there is a specified order. Google definition: Is similar to Chronological, but is normally employed with a how-to voice when a step-by-step process is being described.75
5866295531SimileMy definition: Using the words "like" or "as" to compare two unlike things in a sentence. AP definition: A statement using 'like' or 'as' to compare two unlike objects. Honors definition: Direct comparison of one thing with another, announced by the words "like" or "as."76
5866331196Simple SentenceMy definition: A sentence containing just an independence clause. AP definition: An independent clause; has a subject and a verb, and that's pretty much it. Google definition: A sentence containing only one independent clause and no dependent clauses.77
5866348185SyllogismMy definition: A type of argument with a three-part type of construction. AP definition: In its basic form, this is a three-part argument construction in which two premises lead to a truth. Google definition: A rhetorical device that starts an argument with a reference to something general and from this it draws conclusion about something more specific.78
5870116828SymbolismMy definition: Using symbols or ideas to be used for a deeper meaning. Honors definition: Something relatively concrete, such as an object, action, character or scene, which signifies something relatively abstract, such as a concept or an idea. Google definition: The use of symbols to signify ideas and qualities by giving them symbolic meanings that are different from their literal sense.79
5870140612SynecdocheMy definition: Something that is used to represent a part of a big whole of something. AP definition: A minor figure of speech in which a part is used for the whole. Google definition: A literary device in which a part of something represents the whole or it may use a whole to represent a part.80
5870159448SyntaxMy definition: These guidelines allow for the formation of sentences. AP definition: The study of the rules of grammar that define the formation of sentences. Honors definition: The arrangement of words to form phrases, clauses, and sentences; sentence construction.81
5870176266ThemeMy definition: Allows for a message to go through that defines the entire passage. AP definition: The basic message or meaning conveyed through elements of character and conflict; appears often in literature and is paralleled in nonfiction prose by an argument's thesis. Honors definition: The main idea of a literary work; an author's insight about life.82
5870190503ToneMy definition: The implied mood that the writer or the speaker gives off in the story. AP definition: The manner in which a writer expresses his/her attitude toward the subject and audience; mainly expressed through diction, syntax, and point of view. Honors definition: The writer's or speaker's implied attitude toward his subject, characters, and audience, and sometimes toward himself.83
5870202303TopicMy definition: What is being discussed throughout a writing composition. Google definition: The subject of a speech, essay, thesis, or discourse.84
5870209219VoiceMy definition: A certain way the writer tells the story through a speaker that is either implied or made apparent. Honors definition: An author's distinctive literary style, basic vision and general attitude toward the world. Google definition: The form or a format through which narrators tell their stories.85

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