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AP English Language and Composition Terms Flashcards

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13947422820AllegoryThe device of using story elements symbolically to represent an abstraction in addition to the literal meaning.0
13947422821AntecedentWord, phrase, or clause referred to by a pronoun - the noun the pronoun replaces.1
13947422822AntithesisA rhetorical device in which two opposites are put close together to achieve a contrasting effect.2
13947422823AphorismA short statement of unknown authorship which expresses a general truth or moral in a witty or memorable way.3
13947422824ApostropheA figure of speech that directly addresses an absent or imaginary person or a personified abstraction, such as liberty or love.4
13947422825Colloquial/ColloquialismThe use of slang or informalities in speech or writing - using local language5
13947422826EuphemismRephrasing with more agreeable or less offensive words to substitute for a generally unpleasant word or concept.6
13947422827HomilyThis term literally means "sermon," but more informally, it can include any serious talk, speech, or lecture involving moral or spiritual advice.7
13947422828MetonymyA figure of speech in which the name of one object is substituted for that of another closely associated with it, for example, "The White House" stands in for the President and staff8
13947422829AnaphoraA sub-type of parallelism, with the exact repetition of words or phrases at the beginning of successive lines or sentences.9
13947422830ProseWritten or spoken language in its ordinary form, without metrical structure - not poetry10
13947422831SyllogismA deductive system of formal logic that presents two premises that inevitably lead to a sound conclusion.11
13947422832SynecdocheA figure of speech in which a part of something is used to represent the whole or, occasionally, the whole is used to represent a part, for example, "all hands on deck" uses "hands" a part to stand in for the whole person.12
13947422833SynesthesiaA figure of speech in which one sense is described using terms from another, for example: "she smelled the low notes in the sauce."13
13947422834EpigramA brief witty statement.14
13947422835DigressionThe use of material unrelated to the subject of a work - to write or speak off topic.15
13947422836EllipsisThe omission of a word or several words necessary for a complete construction that is still understandable. This punctuation mark ...16
13947422837AnachronismA person, scene, event or other element that fails to correspond with the appropriate time or era.17
13947422838DidacticHaving an instructive purpose; intending to convey information to teach a lesson usually in a dry, pompous manner.18
13947422839FallacyAn incorrect belief or supposition based on faulty data, defective evidence, or false information.19
13947422840Non SequiturA statement or idea that fails to follow logically from the one before. An abrupt illogical jump.20
13947422841AnecdoteA short and amusing or interesting story usually about a real incident or person.21
13947422842JargonSpecial words or expressions that are used by a particular profession or group and are difficult for others to understand.22
13947422843ExhortStrongly encourage or urge someone to do something.23
13947422844MetaphorA figure of speech making a comparison by referring to one thing as another.24
13947422845SimileA figure of speech making a comparison using "like" or "as"25
13947422846Parallel StructureThe repetition of words or phrases that have similar grammatical structures26
13947422847ChiasmusA statement consisting of two parallel parts in which the second part is structurally reversed27
13947422848SyntaxThe arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language - word order28
13947422849DictionA writer's or speaker's choice of words29
13947422850ToneThe attitude a writer takes toward an audience, a subject, or a character; includes the level of formality in the wording30
13947422851HyperboleExaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literally.31
13947422852AlliterationRepetition of initial consonant sounds in close proximity32
13947422853ConsonanceRepetition of a consonant sound within two or more words in close proximity - it could be anywhere in the word33
13947422854OxymoronA figure of speech that combines opposite or contradictory terms in a brief phrase.34
13947422855ParadoxAn apparently contradictory statement that actually contains some truth35
13947422856ImageryDescription that appeals to the senses (sight, sound, smell, touch, taste)36
13947422857ConnotationAll the meanings, associations, or emotions that a word suggests rather than the literal definition37
13947422858DenotationThe dictionary definition of a word38
13947422859PersonificationA figure of speech in which an object or animal is given human feelings, thoughts, or attitudes39
13947422860OnomatopeiaWords that imitate sounds, for example: oink, oink40
13947422861CacophonyA harsh, discordant mixture of sounds41
13947422862AssonanceRepetition of a vowel sound within two or more words in close proximity42
13947422863Periodic SentenceA sentence that presents its central meaning in a main clause at the end.43
13947422864Polysyndetonthe use, for rhetorical effect, of more conjunctions than is necessary or natural44
13947422865Ironythe use of words to convey a meaning that is the opposite of its literal meaning45
13947422866AllusionA reference to a well-known person, place, event, literary work, work of art, etc. that exists outside the text.46
13947422867CounterargumentAnticipation of opposing views - you can either concede a point or refute it.47
13947422868ConcessionAcknowledging an opposing view is true or reasonable. Usually followed with a refutation.48
13947422869RefutationDenying the validity of an opposing argument. Acknowledge the other side of the argument but prove it wrong.49

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