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AP English Language & Composition Essential Terms Flashcards

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7240110217AnalogyExplaining something complex by comparing it to something more simple0
7240111800ArgumentThe combination of reasons, evidence, etc that an author uses to convince an audience of their position1
7240114829Aristotelian AppealsThree different methods of appealing to an audience to convince them - ethos, logos, and pathos2
7240116171Attitude (Tone)The writer's personal views or feelings about the subject at hand3
7240118103AudienceWho the author is directing his or her message towards4
7240120888Compare and ContrastDiscussing the similarities and differences between two things to some persuasive or illustrative neutral connotations5
7240123107ContextThe extra-textual environment in which the text is being delivered6
7240125642CounterargumentThe argument(s) against the author's position7
7240126916Deductive ReasoningA form of logical reasoning wherein a general principle is applied to a specific case8
7240128531DenotationThe literal, dictionary-definition meaning of a word9
7240130232DictionThe style of language used; generally tailored to be appropriate to the audience and situation10
7240132200EthosSetting up a source as credible and trustworthy11
7267882033EvidenceThe information presented meant to persuade the audience of the author's position12
7267887775Figurative LanguageThe use of language in a non-literal way; i.e. metaphor, simile, etc.13
7267893572GenreThe specific type of work being presented14
7267899595ImageryAny descriptive language used to evoke a vivid sense or image of something; includes figurative language15
7267902614ImplicationWhen something is suggested without being concretely stated16
7316841849Inductive ReasoningMaking a generalization based on specific evidence at hand17
7316848292IronyAt the most basic sense, saying the opposite of what you mean; also used to describe situations in which the results of an action are dramatically different than intended18
7316856930JuxtapositionPlacing two very different things together for effect19
7316862168LogosAppealing to someone's sense of concrete facts and logic20
7316866974OccasionThe reason or moment for writing or speaking21
7361769071OrganizationHow the different parts of an argument are arranged in a piece of writing or speech22
7361780839PathosAn Aristotelian appeal; involves appealing to someone's emotions23
7361788684PurposeThe author's persuasive intention24
7361795253RepetitionRe-using a word or phrase repeatedly for effect or emphasis25
7361800569RhetoricThe use of spoken or written word (or a visual medium) to convey your ideas and convince an audience26
7399451323Rhetorical TriangleThe relationship between the author, the audience, the text (message), and the context27
7399462445SpeakerThe persona adopted by the author to deliver his or her message28
7399472776StyleThe author's own personal approach to rhetoric in the piece29
7399479935SymbolismUsing a symbol to refer to an idea or concept30
7399483392SyntaxThe way sentences are grammatically constructed31
7481669750SynthesisCombining sources or ideas in a coherent way in the purpose of a larger point32
7481672503ThemesOverarching ideas or driving premises of a work33
7481677631VoiceAn author's unique sound; similar to style34
7481688836AlliterationUsing words with the same first letter repeatedly close together in a phrase or sentence35
7481691738AllusionMaking a brief reference to the cultural canon - e.g. the Bible, Shakespeare, classical mythology, etc.36
7654675683AnecdoteOffering a brief narrative episode37
7654679886ConcessionAgreeing with the opposing viewpoint on a certain smaller point (but not in the larger argument)38
7654682799DidacticA text with an instructive purpose, often moral39
7654684556EuphemismReferring to something with a veiled phrase instead of saying it directly40
7654687915ExemplificationProviding examples in service of a point41
7733892598HyperboleOverstating a situation for humorous or dramatic effect42
7733897667IdiomA commonly used phrase that signifies something very different than its literal meaning43
7733902589OnomatopoeiaUsing "sound-effect" words44
7733906210ParadoxA phrase or assertion that appears to contradict itself45
7733911851ParallelismRepeated structural elements in a sentence46
7805300797ParodyUsing the form of something to mimic and make fun of it47
7805304107PersonificationGiving human characteristics to a non-human object or idea48
7805307503SarcasmMockingly stating the opposite of what you mean49
7805312413SatireA genre of humorous and mocking criticism to expose the ignorance and/or ills of society50
7805318004SynecdocheReferring to one part of something as a way to refer to the whole51
7805321272UnderstatementDeliberately minimizing something, usually for humorous effect52

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