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AP English Language Flashcards

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14589848486rhetorical triangleA diagram that illustrates the interrelationship among the speaker, audience, and subject in determining a text.0
14589848487audienceOne's listener or readership; those to whom a speech or piece of writing is addressed.1
14589848488concessionused in argumentative writing, where one acknowledges a point made by one's opponent2
14589848489connotationan idea or feeling that a word invokes in addition to its literal or primary meaning.3
14589848490contextThe circumstances, atmosphere, attitudes, and events surrounding a text.4
14589848491counterargumentA challenge to a position; an opposing argument5
14589848492ethoscredibility6
14589848493logosAppeal to logic7
14589848494occasionthe time and place a speech is given or a piece is written8
14589848495pathosAppeal to emotions9
14589848496personaan individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting10
14589848497polemiccontroversy; argument; verbal attack11
14589848498propagandaIdeas spread to influence public opinion for or against a cause.12
14589848499purposethe goal the speaker wants to achieve13
14589848500refutationa denial of the validity of an opposing argument14
14589848501rhetoricthe art of using language effectively and personal15
14589848502rhetorical appealsRhetorical techniques used to persuade an audience by emphasizing what they find most important or compelling. The three major appeals are to ethos (character), logos (reason), and pathos (emotion).16
14589848503SOAPSSubject, Occasion, Audience, Purpose, Speaker17
14589848504speakerA term used for the author, speaker, or the person whose perspective (real or imagined) is being advanced in a speech or piece of writing18
14589848505subjectThe topic of a text. What the text is about.19
14589848506the textWhile this term generally means the written word, in the humanities it has come to mean any cultural product that can be "read" - meaning not just consumed and comprehended, but investigated. This includes fiction, nonfiction, poetry, political cartoons, fine art, photography, performances, fashion, cultural trends, and much more.20
14589848507alliterationRepetition of initial consonant soundscapes21
14589848508allusionA reference to another work of literature, person, or event22
14589848509anaphorathe repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses23
14589848510antimetaboleRepetition of words in reverse order24
14589848511antithesisthe direct opposite, a sharp contrast25
14589848512archaic dictionold-fashioned or outdated choice of words26
14589848513asyndetonomission of conjunctions between coordinate phrases, clauses.27
14589848514cumulative sentencesentence that completes the main idea at the beginning of the sentence and then builds and adds on28
14589848515hortative sentencesentence that exhorts, urges, entreats, implores, or calls to action29
14589848516imperative sentenceA sentence that requests or commands.30
14589848517inversioninverted order of words in a sentence (variation of the subject-verb-object order)31
14589848518juxtapositionPlacement of two things closely together to emphasize comparisons or contrasts32
14589848519metaphorA comparison without using like or as33
14589848520oxymoronA figure of speech that combines opposite or contradictory terms in a brief phrase.34
14589848521parralelismthe repetition of words or phases that have similar grammatical structures35
14589848522periodic sentencesentence whose main clause is withheld until the end36
14589848523personificationA figure of speech in which an object or animal is given human feelings, thoughts, or attitudes37
14589848524rhetorical questionA question asked merely for rhetorical effect and not requiring an answer38
14589848525synedochefigure of speech that uses a part to represent the whole39
14589848526zeugmause of two different words in a grammatically similar way that produces different, often incongruous, meanings40
14589848527active voiceThe subject of the sentence performs the action41
14589848528anecdotea short and amusing or interesting story about a real incident or personal42
14589848529anecdotea short and amusing or interesting story about a real incident or personal43
14589848530dictionA writer's or speaker's choice of wordsmith44
14589848531colloquialcharacteristic of informal spoken language or conversation45
14589848532denotationThe dictionary definition of a word46
14589848533jargonspecial words or expressions that are used by a particular profession or group and are difficult for others to understand.47
14589848534vernaculareveryday language48
14589848535imageryDescription that appeals to the senses (sight, sound, smell, touch, taste)49
14589848536ironyA contrast between expectation and reality50
14589848537verbal ironyA figure of speech in which what is said is the opposite of what is meant51
14589848538dramatic ironywhen a reader is aware of something that a character isn't52
14589848539situational ironyAn outcome that turns out to be very different from what was expected53
14589848540moodFeeling or atmosphere that a writer creates for the reader54
14589848541oxymorona figure of speech in which apparently contradictory terms appear in conjunction55
14589848542pacingthe movement of a literary piece from one point or one section to another56
14589848543paradoxA statement or proposition that seems self-contradictory or absurd but in reality expresses a possible truth.57
14589848544syntaxSentence structure58
14589848545toneAttitude a writer takes toward the audience, a subject, or a character59

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