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AP English Language Flashcards

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6755606231adageA saying or proverb containing a truth based on experience and often couched in metaphorical language.0
6755611110allegoryA story in which a second meaning is to be read beneath the surface.1
6755613906allusionA reference to a person, place, or event meant to create an effect or enhance the meaning of an idea.2
6755613907ambiguityA vagueness of meaning; a conscious lack of clarity meant to evoke multiple meanings or interpretations.3
6755616334anachronismA person, scene, event or other element that fails to correspond with the appropriate time or era.4
6755616335analogyA comparison that points out similarities between two dissimilar things; a passage that points out several similarities between two unlike things is called an extended analogy.5
6755619953anecdoteA brief explanation, summary, or evaluation of a text or work of literature.6
6755622469antecedentA word to which a pronoun refers.7
6755626337aphorismA short, pithy statement of a generally accepted truth or sentiment.8
6755626338ApollonianIn contrast to Bionysian, it refers to the most noble, godlike qualities of human nature and behavior.9
6755628684apostropheA locution that addresses a person or personified thing not present.10
6755628685arch(adj.) Characterized by clever or sly humor, often saucy, playful, and somewhat irreverent.11
6755628686archetypeAn abstract or ideal conception of a type; a perfectly typical example; an original model or form.12
6755633896bathosInsincere or overdone sentimentality.13
6755638014bombastInflated, pretentious language.14
6777564389burlesqueA work of literature meant to ridicule a subject; a grotesque imitation.15
6777566336cacophonyGrating, inharmonious sounds.16
6777569803canonThe works considered the most important in a national literature or period; works widely read and studied.17
6777571169circumlocutionLiterally, "talking around" a subject; i.e., discourse that avoids direct reference to a subject.18
6777576159classical, classicismDeriving from the orderly qualities of ancient Greek and Roman culture; implies formality, objectivity, simplicity, and restraint.19
6777578317clauseA structural element of a sentence, consisting of a grammatical subject and a predicate.20
6777582736independent clausessometimes called main clauses, ay stand on their own as complete sentences21
6777584392dependent clausesare used as nouns or modifiers, are incomplete sentences and cannot stand alone grammatically; they are sometimes called subordinate clauses; those that function as adjectives, nouns, or adverbs are known, respectively, as adjective, noun, and adverbial clauses22
6777586282conceitA witty or ingenious thought; a diverting or highly fanciful idea, often stated in figurative language.23
6777589271consonanceThe repetition of two or more consonant sounds in a group of words or a unit of speech or writing.24
6777591921cynicOne who expects and observes nothing but the worst of human conduct.25
6777594350deductive reasoningA method of reasoning by which specific definitions, conclusions, and theorems are drawn from general principles.26
6777596319dénouementThe resolution that occurs at the end of a narrative or drama, real or imagined.27
6777600915deus ex machinaIn literature, the use of an artificial device or gimmick to solve a problem.28
6777602481didacticHaving an instructive purpose; intending to convey information or teach a lesson, usually in a dry, pompous manner.29
6777604405DionysianAs distinguished from Apollonian, the word refers to sensual, pleasure-seeking, impulses.30
6777606139dramatic ironyA circumstance in which the audience or reader knows more about a situation than a character.31
6777607957elliptical constructionA sentence containing a deliberate omission of words.32
6777612654epigramA concise but ingenious, witty, and thoughtful statement.33
6777616570epithetAn adjective or phrase that expresses a striking quality of a person or thing; Can also be used to apply to vulgar or profane exclamations.34
6777622708eponymousA term for the title character of a work of literature.35
6777779474ethosA speaker or one's authority to express opinions on a subject.36
6777620213euphonyPleasing, harmonious sounds.37
6777634047exegesisA detailed analysis or interpretation of a work of prose or poetry.38
6777790310explicationThe interpretation or analysis of a text.39
6777792407exposéA factual piece of writing that reveals weaknesses, faults, frailties, or other shortcomings.40
6777797678expositionThe background and events that lead to the presentation of the main idea or purpose of an essay or other work; setting forth the meaning or purpose of a piece of writing or discourse.41
6777802279fallacy, fallacious reasoningAn incorrect belief or supposition based on faulty data, defective evidence, false information, or flawed logic.42
6777803642farceA comedy that contains an extravagant and nonsensical disregard of seriousness, although it may have a serious, scornful purpose.43
6777805286frameA structure that provides a premise or setting for a narrative or other discourse.44
6777806759harangueA forceful sermon, lecture, or tirade.45
6777808677homilyA lecture or sermon on a religious or moral theme meant to guide human behavior.46
6777810335hubrisExcessive pride that often affects tone.47
6777811929humanismA belief that emphasizes faith and optimism in human potential and creativity.48
6777813886hyperboleOverstatement; gross exaggeration for rhetorical effect.49
6777815700idyllA lyric poem or passage that describes a kind of ideal life or place.50
6777817607indirect quotationA rendering of a quotation in which actual words are not stated but only approximated or paraphrased.51
6777819220inductive reasoningA method of reasoning in which a number of specific facts or examples are used to make a generalization.52
6777820430invectiveA direct verbal assault; a denunciation; casting blame on someone or something.53
6777823175kenningA device employed in Anglo-Saxon poetry in which the name of a thing is replaced by one of its functions or qualities.54
6777825151lampoonA mocking, satirical assault on a person or situation.55
6777826042litotesA form of understatement in which the negative of the contrary is used to achieve emphasis or intensity.56
6777828000logosThe logic used by a speaker or writer to support a claim or point of view.57
6777831209loose sentenceA sentence that follows the customary word order of English sentences, i.e., subject-verb-objects. The main idea of the sentence is presented first and is then followed by one or more subordinate clauses.58
6777832913lyrical prosePersonal, reflective prose that reveals the speaker's thoughts and feelings about the subject.59
6777834630maximA saying or proverb expressing common wisdom or truth.60
6777840716metaphysicalA term describing poetry that uses elaborate conceits, expresses the complexities of love and life, and is highly intellectual. More generally, it refers to ideas that are neither analytical nor subject to empirical verification; that is, ideas that express an attitude about which rational argument is impossible.61
6777842158metonymyA figure of speech that uses the name of one thing to represent something else with which it is associated.62
6777844947mock seriousCharacterized by feigned or deliberately artificial seriousness, often for satirical purposes.63
6777848705modeThe general form, pattern, and manner of expression of a piece of discourse.64
6777852545naturalismA term often used as a synonym for realism; also a view of experience that is generally characterized as bleak and pessimistic.65
6777854528non sequiturA statement or idea that fails to follow logically from the one before.66
6777855635objective(adj.) Of or relating to facts and reality, as opposed to private and personal feelings and attitudes.67
6777857202omniscient narratorA narrator with unlimited awareness, understanding, and insight of characters, setting, background, and all other elements of the story.68
6777860237oxymoronA term consisting of contradictory elements juxtaposed to create a paradoxical effect.69
6777861250parableA story consisting of events from which a moral or spiritual truth may be derived.70
6777862727paradoxA statement that seems self-contradictory but is nevertheless true.71
6777866023parallel structureThe structure required for expressing two or more grammatical elements of equal rank. Coordinate idea,s compared and contrasted ideas and correlative constructions call for parallel construction.72
6777869233pathetic fallacyFaulty reasoning that inappropriately ascribes human feelings to nature or nonhuman objects.73
6777871488pathosThat element in literature that stimulates pity or sorrow. Also, the emotional appeal used to persuade an audience to accept a certain point of view or position.74
6777875416pedanticNarrowly academic instead of broad and humane; excessively petty and meticulous.75
6777878435periodic sentenceA sentence that departs from the usual word order of English sentences by expressing its main thought only at the end. In other words, the particulars in the sentence are presented before the idea they support.76
6777878436predicateThe part of a sentence that is not the grammatical subject. It often says something about the subject.77
6777883078psuedonymA false name or alias used by writers.78
6777884684pulp fictionNovels written for mass consumption, often emphasizing exciting and titillating plots.79
6777885834realismThe depiction of people, things, and events as they really are without idealization or exaggeration for effect.80
6777887661rebuttal/ refutationThe part of discourse wherein opposing arguments are anticipated and answered.81
6777890904retractionThe withdrawal of a previously stated idea or opinion.82
6777894580rhetoricThe language of a work and its style; words, often highly emotional, used to convince or sway an audience.83
6777895754rhetorical modeA general term that identifies discourse according to its chief purpose. Includes exposition, argumentation, description, and narration.84
6777900018rhetorical stanceLanguage that conveys a speaker's attitude or opinion with regard to a particular subject.85
6777902924sentence structureThe arrangement of the parts of a sentence. A sentence may be simple, compound, or complex. Sentences may also contain any of these structures in combination with each other. Each variation leaves a different impression on the reader, and along with other rhetorical devices, may create a countless array of effects.86
6777908464simple sentenceone subject and one verb87
6777910854compound sentencetwo or more independent clauses joined by a conjunction88
6777912385complex sentencean independent clause plus one or more dependent clauses89
6777915042simileA figurative comparison using the words like or as.90
6777917116stylistic devicesA general term referring to diction, syntax, tone, figurative language, and all other elements that contribute to the "style" or manner of a given piece of discourse.91
6777918798subject complementThe name of a grammatical unit that is comprised of predicate nominatives and predicate adjectives.92
6777920336subjective(adj.) Of or relating to private and personal feelings and attitudes as opposed to facts and reality.93
6777921804subtextThe implied meaning that underlies the main meaning of an essay or other work.94
6777924739syllogismA form of deductive reasoning in which given certain ideas or facts, other ideas or facts must follow.95
6777927008synecdocheA figure of speech in which a part signifies the whole or the whole signifies the part. When the name of a material stands for the thing itself, that, too, is this.96
6777929054transitionA stylistic device used to create a link between ideas. These often endow discourse with continuity and coherence.97
6777930646verbal ironyA discrepancy between the true meaning of a situation and the literal meaning of the written or spoken words.98
6777931766verisimilitudeSimilar to the truth; the quality of realism in a work that persuades readers that they are getting a vision of life as it is or could have been.99

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