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AP English Language Study Set Flashcards

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4231339727AbstractRefers to language that describes concepts (ideas) rather than concrete images0
4231344103Ad HominemIn an argument, an attack on the person rather than on the opponent's ideas. It comes from the Latin meaning "against man."1
4231426720Alagorya work that functions on a symbolic level2
4231351412AlliterationThe repetition of initial consonant sounds, such as the "Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers"3
4231362559AllusionA reference to another literary work.4
4231354892AnalogyA literary device employed to serve as a basis for comparison. It is assumed that what applies to the parallel situation also applies to the original circumstance. In other words, it is the comparison between two different items.5
4231363161AnecdoteA story or brief example told by the writer or character to illustrate a point.6
4231367930AntecedantThe word, phrase, or clause to which a pronoun refers (he, it, she, them, they, etc). The AP English Language and Composition exam often expects you to identify the antecedent in a passage.7
4231375682AntithesisThe presentation of two contrasting images. The ideas are balanced by words, phrase, clause or paragraph. "To be or not to be..." "Ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for you country..."8
4231383079ArgumentA single assertion or a series of assertions presented and defended by the writer.9
4231385453AttitudeThe relationship an author has toward his or her subject, and/or his or her audience.10
4231388438BalanceA situation in which all parts of the presentation are equal, whether in sentences or paragraphs or sections of a longer work.11
4231392184CacophonyHarsh or discordant sounds in a line or passage in a literary work.12
4231477587CharacterThose who carry out the action of the plot in literature. Major, minor, static (unchanging), and dynamic (changing) are types of characters.13
4231488165ColloquialThe use of slang in writing, often to create local color and to provide an informal tone.14
4231497881Comic ReliefThe inclusion of a humorous character or scene to contrast with the tragic elements of a work, thereby intensifying the next tragic event.15
4231510935ConflictA clash between opposing forces in a literary work, such as man vs. man, man vs. nature, man vs. god, man vs. self.16
4231516959ConnotationThe interpretive level of a word based on its associated images rather than its literal meaning.17
4231523978DeductionThe process of moving from a general rule to a specific example.18
4231528890DenotationThe literal or dictionary meaning of a word.19
4231532397DialectThe re-creation of regional spoken language, such as a Souther dialect. Zora Neal Hurston uses this in such works as Their Eyes Were Watching God.20
4231539274DidacticWriting whose purpose is to instruct or to teach. A didactic work is usually formal and focuses on moral or ethical concerns.21
4231542021EllipsisAn indication by a series of three periods that some material has been omitted from a given text. It could be a word, a phrase, a sentence, a paragraph, or a whole section. Be wary of the ellipsis; it could obscure the real meaning of the piece of writing.22
4231554538EpigraphThe use of a quotation at the beginning of a work that hints at its theme. Hemingway begins The Sun Also Rises with two epigraphs. One of them is "You are all a lost generation" by Gertude Stein.23
4231562441EuphemismA more acceptable and usually more pleasant way of saying something that might be inappropriate or uncomfortable. "He went to his final reward" is a common euphemis for "he died." These phrases are also often used to obscure the reality of a situation. The military uses "collateral damage" to indicate civil deaths in a military operation.24
4231580049EuphonyThe pleasant, mellifluous presentation of sounds in a literary work.25
4231584827ExpositionBackground information presented in a literary work.26
4231591976Extended MetaphorA sustained comparison, often referred to as a conceit. The extended metaphor is developed throughout a piece of writing.27
4231600920Figurative LanguageThe body of devices that enables the writer to operate on levels other than the literal one. It includes metaphor, simile, personification, hyperbole, etc.28
4231606614FlashbackA device that enables a writer to refer to past thoughts, events, or episodes.29
4231616298HyperboleExtreme exaggeration, often humorous, it can also be ironic; the opposite of an understatement.30
4231622142ImageryA verbal approximation of a sensory impression, concept, or emotion (description using any of the 5 senses).31
4231627691InductionThe process that moves from a given series of specifics to a broad generalization.32
4231632411InferenceA conclusion one can draw from the presented details.33
4231635876InvectiveVerbally abusive attack34
4231638330IronyAn unexpected twist or contract between what happens and what was intended or expected to happen. It involves dialog and situation and can be intentional or unplanned. Dramatic irony centers around the ignorance of those involved; whereas, the audience is aware of the circumstances.35
4231649405LogicThe process of reasoning36
4231655810Logical FallacyA mistake in reasoning37
4231660553MetaphorA direct comparison between dissimilar things (Your eyes are stars).38
4231666856MetonymyA figure of speech in which a representative term is used for a larger idea ("The pen is mightier than the sword")39
4231683425MonologueA speech given by a one character40
4231694854NarratorThe speaker of a literary work.41
4231699928OnomatopoeiaWords that sound like the sound they represent (gurgle, hiss, pop).42
4231701802OxymoronAn image of contradictory terms (bitter-sweet, pretty ugly, jumbo shrimp).43
4231705963PacingThe movement of a literary piece from one point or section to another.44
4231723939ParableA story that operates on more than one level and usually teaches a moral lesson.45
4231729869ParodyA comic situation of a work that ridicules the original It can be utterly mocking or gently humorous. It depends on allusion and exaggerates and distorts the original style and content.46
4231736824Pathos47

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