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AP English Language (Terminology: Terms of Speech/Dialect) Flashcards

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5329899102QualifierTo mitigate, to make less strong, to make less unpleasant... Example: Many* young Americans support gay marriage as a civil right today.0
5329915340Rhetorical QuestionA rhetorical question is a figure of speech in the form of a question that is asked in order to make a point. The question, a rhetorical device, is posed not to elicit a specific answer, but rather to encourage the listener to consider a message or viewpoint. Example: "Can there not be a government in which majorities do not virtually decide right and wrong, but conscience?" (Henry David Thoreau, "Civil Disobedience" 1849)1
5329947406Vernacular ExpressionLocal speech of a specific population; non-standard dialects; like those of regional speech patterns Example: American Southern drawl; working class Canadians who like to end sentences "...eh"2
5329964775Colloquial LanguageInformal language that is not an entire dialect; speech that is used with close friends or family, perhaps, but not used in a formal situation.3
5329978261ColloquialismAn informal expression, that is, a word or phrase not used in formal speech or writing. Example: "That pasta salad was wicked* good."4
5329987516AphorismA terse saying, expressing a general truth, principle, or astute observation, and spoken or written in brief and memorable form. Example: "Whoso would be a man must be a nonconformist" (Emerson "Self-Reliance" 1841)5
5330006885HyperboleExaggeration and overstatement Example: "I am so hungry I could eat a horse."6
5330014613Understatement (litotes)The opposite of hyperbole, understatement refers to a figure of speech that says less than is intended. Understatement usually has an ironic effect, and sometimes may be used for comic purposes. Example: "I wouldn't say she was ugly." "He wasn't totally useless."7
5330033284Circumlocution"Talking around" something, usually by supplying a descriptive phrase in place of a name. The use of many words to express and idea that might be expressed by few; indirect or roundabout language. Example: "The Scottish play" (for Macbeth) or "the giant ball of light in the sky" (for the sun)8
5330054037EuphemismA polite term used to disguise an unpleasant or unmentionable event. Example: "passed away" for died9
5330065955Rumpelstiltskin EffectNaming a product in a way to catch attention of or persuade consumers. Example: Monster Energy Drink or Nissan Rogue10
5330071518ConnotationEmotional or implied meanings associated with a word (beyond its literal definition)11
5330076953SlantingInterpreting or presenting a subject in line with a special interest, in a biased manner12

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