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| 6945816810 | ad hominem argument | dominant technique (also called rhetorical device) attacking another person's argument by attcking the person rather than the issue. In the political arena this is called "mudslinging" | 0 | |
| 6945816811 | adjectives | words that describe nouns... look at these words when asked to address the author's use of diction | 1 | |
| 6945816812 | alliteration | repetition of initial consonant sounds used to heighten the intensity of sensory impressions within a passage | 2 | |
| 6945816813 | allusion | dominant technique (also called a rhetorical device) the refers to known literary, artistic, philosophical, scientific, or historical sources to help the reader understand the writer's concept. The purpose of an allusion is to make a complex idea more understandable by referring it to a more familiar subject. | 3 | |
| 6945816814 | ambiguous references | references that have multiple meanings | 4 | |
| 6963074368 | analogy | a type of metaphor that compares two things... human beings and lower animals, the mind and the universe, the heart and God, the liver and a physician, the human body and a kingdom, etc. The purpose of an analogy is to make a complex idea more understandable by referring it to a more familiar subject. | 5 | |
| 6963074369 | anecdote | a short story that is told to prove a point | 6 | |
| 6963074370 | antecedent | the noun for which the pronoun stands... part of reading comprehension is to know the speaker, subject or object being addressed. A typical question would be "What is the antecedent of 'it' in line 10?" | 7 | |
| 6963074371 | antithesis | a statement in which direct opposites are contrasted in the same sentence: "Give me liberty or give me death." | 8 | |
| 6963074372 | argument | a dominant technique (also called rhetorical device) in which a writer uses objective reasoning, facts, and hard evidence to demonstrate the soundness of a position | 9 | |
| 6945952970 | assumption | an inference or conclusion based on evidence | 10 | |
| 6963074373 | authorial aside | a dominant technique (also called rhetorical device) used by the author to reveal his/her attitude, purpose or meaning by directly staking such. This technique is also called editorializing. When used in a fictional story, the author steps outside the story, speaking directly to the reader. | 11 | |
| 6963074374 | balanced sentence | helps to characterize a writer's style usually accompanied with a semicolon with a balanced number of words on each side | 12 | |
| 6963074375 | cause and effect relationships | 13 | ||
| 6945944285 | analogy | a type of metaphor that compares two things... human beings and lower animals, the mind and the universe, the heart and God, the liver and a physician, the human body and a kingdom, etc. The purpose of an analogy is to make a complex idea more understandable by referring it to a more familiar subject. | 14 | |
| 6945944286 | anecdote | a short story that is told to prove a point | 15 | |
| 6945944287 | antecedent | the noun for which the pronoun stands... part of reading comprehension is to know the speaker, subject or object being addressed. A typical question would be "What is the antecedent of 'it' in line 10?" | 16 | |
| 6945944288 | antithesis | a statement in which direct opposites are contrasted in the same sentence: "Give me liberty or give me death." | 17 | |
| 6945952466 | argument | a dominant technique (also called rhetorical device) in which a writer uses objective reasoning, facts, and hard evidence to demonstrate the soundness of a position | 18 | |
| 6970349553 | assertion | also called a "proposition" - a "for or against" stance taken by the writer of a persuasive essay | 19 | |
| 6970349554 | assumption | an inference or conclusion based on evidence | 20 | |
| 6970349555 | authorial aside | a dominant technique (also called a rhetorical device) used by the author to reveal his/her attitude, purpose, or meaning by directly stating such. When used in a fictional story, the author steps outside the story, speaking directly to the reader | 21 | |
| 6970349556 | balanced sentence | helps to characterize a writer's style, usually accompanied with a semicolon with a balanced number of words on each side | 22 | |
| 6970349557 | cause and effect relationships | a dominant technique (also called a rhetorical device) in which the author analyzes reasons for a chain of events. This casual analysis can also be the writer's main method of organization, or it can be one paragraph used to support a point in an essay developed through another pattern | 23 | |
| 6970349558 | chronology of events | a method of organization usually used in narration in which the events are described as they happen. Flashbacks and flashforwards are sometimes used with this method or organization to interrupt the normal order | 24 | |
| 6970349559 | circular reasoning | an error in persuasion which involves repeating the assertion endlessly without support | 25 | |
| 6970349560 | citations from well-known authorities | persuasion device used to lend more credence to an assertion made | 26 | |
| 6970349561 | compound sentence | two independent clauses connected by a conjunction | 27 | |
| 6970349562 | connotation | the implied meanings of words. These words may have positive or negative connotations | 28 | |
| 6970349563 | contrasts | a rhetorical strategy which juxtaposes two unlike words together... homologous and analogous, meaningful and meaningless, intrinsic and superficial, inheritance and convergence, intuition and imagination, etc. | 29 | |
| 6970375281 | deductive reasoning | dominant technique (also called rhetorical device) which is a form of logical thinking in which major premises are applied to minor premises to reach a conclusion or prediction about the future | 30 | |
| 6970375282 | definition (extended) | a form of organization that emphasizes meanings | 31 | |
| 6970375283 | denotation | the dictionary definition of a word | 32 | |
| 6970375284 | description | dominant technique (also called rhetorical device) which involves the use of vivid words to express what the five senses are experiencing | 33 | |
| 6970375285 | diction | author's choice of words... could be described as technical and abstruse, lofty and learned, pedestrian, colloquial, scientific, etc. | 34 | |
| 6970375286 | dramatic incident | a method of organization- shows a concept in action | 35 | |
| 6970375287 | effect | an impression created by the author's language choices... could be described as: familiar reality imposed on an unfamiliar setting, sudden color in a former monochromatic scene, miraculous isolation in a hostile environment, ominous fragility in a threatening episode, supernatural inspiration of creative thought | 36 | |
| 6970415917 | euphemism | dominant technique (also called rhetorical device) which involves using a nicer sounding word for a person, place, or thing | 37 | |
| 6970415918 | exposition | dominant technique (also called rhetorical device) which is a type of writing, a mode, which explains | 38 | |
| 6970415919 | generalization | a method of developing the argument of a paragraph. Used in deductive thinking to reach a conclusion. Used in inductive reasoning as the conclusion, after examining evidence | 39 | |
| 6970415920 | hyperbole | exaggeration or overstatements, sometimes used in satire to ridicule a situation or idea | 40 | |
| 6970415921 | imagery | dominant technique (also called rhetorical device) used to describe the five senses | 41 | |
| 6970415922 | inductive reasoning | a form of logical reasoning which examines evidence to draw a conclusion | 42 | |
| 6970415923 | irony | a method of developing the argument of a paragraph in which the writer implies a discrepancy between what is said and what is meant (verbal irony), between what happens and what is expected to happen (situational irony), or between what a character in a play things and what the audience knows to be true (dramatic irony). | 43 | |
| 6970415924 | juxtaposition | placing two idea side by side to show differences | 44 | |
| 6970415925 | loose sentence | consists of usually more than two clauses or phrases which are connected together by a series of conjunctions (and, but, or). Writers may use this to make the essay less formal. Using too many loose sentences makes for a rambling essay. | 45 | |
| 7128886332 | metaphor (extended or elaborate) | a method of developing the argument of a paragraph in which the author directly compares his unknown idea to a more concrete person, place, or thing | 46 | |
| 7128886333 | modes | forms of writing, chosen as a dominant technique (also called rhetorical device) to accomplish a purpose. There are four basic modes: description, exposition, narration, and persuasion. | 47 | |
| 7128886334 | narration | mode of writing in which a story is told | 48 | |
| 7128886335 | objective | without bias, neutral. You may have to interpret a description as being subjective or objective. | 49 | |
| 7128886336 | organization | each mode of writing has typical methods or organization. Descriptive may use spatial organization; Narrative may use chronological organizations; Persuasion may use inductive or deductive reasoning; or the modes may shift within the essay, offering a different organization (see rhetorical shift) | 50 | |
| 7128886337 | paradox | dominant technique (also called rhetorical device) you may have to interpret a paradoxical idea (a statement which appears contradictory) in a passage | 51 | |
| 7128886338 | parallel syntax or constructions | dominant technique (also called rhetorical device) which placed two or more words, phrases, or clauses in a balanced sentence | 52 | |
| 7136375140 | pathos | appeal to emotion | 53 | |
| 7136375141 | periodic sentence | dominant technique (also called rhetorical device) a sentence with a number of qualifying phrases placed in emphatic order (the most important idea is last) | 54 | |
| 7136375142 | personification | dominant technique (also called rhetorical device) which gives human qualities to inanimate objects | 55 | |
| 7136375143 | perspective | the position chosen by the author to tell the story... this is formally know as first person, third person objective, limited omniscient, or omniscient. Some other ways of describing the perspectives that could be taken by the speaker to tell a story include: an acquaintance of one of the characters in the story, or a chronicler of past events, or an uninvolved eye witness, or a commentator on social trends, or a defender of a popular figure, etc. | 56 | |
| 7136375144 | persuasion | dominant technique (also called rhetorical device) in which a writers used appeals to the reader's emotions and value systems to encourage a change in attitude or position | 57 | |
| 7136375145 | point of view | the perspective of the speaker (see perspective) or the attitude or ton created by the author (see tone) | 58 | |
| 7136375146 | purpose | rhetorical reason for writing an essay... this question could be asking to analyze the main reason why the author wrote an entire passage— to describe a situation, characterize an era, portray an unusual character, depict an inequitable situation, comment on a popular assumption— or this question could be asking for the primary function of a particular word, phrase, or paragraph of a passage— to arouse sympathy for a character, provide a contrary opinion, reenforce a concept, etc. | 59 | |
| 7136375147 | repetition | rhetorical strategy that may be used to provide a transition between paragraphs, or to maintain an idea of persistence, or to focus the reader's attention on a certain person, place, or thing, etc. | 60 | |
| 7136375148 | rhetorical device | dominant technique— any tool of the language, used by the author to persuade, convey a purpose, produce an effect, create a tone | 61 | |
| 7136375149 | rhetorical shift | changing modes or changing the pattern of organization within an essay... progress from exposition to argument— develop from hypothesis to proof— transition from sympathetic narration to objective description— expand from descriptive narration to poetic meditation— move from contemplative rumination to active participation, personal reminiscence to objective exposition, poetic rhapsody to minute description, philosophical logic to scientific vigor, speculation to generalization, profound meditation to cold reasoning, etc. | 62 | |
| 7136375150 | satire | dominant technique (also called rhetorical device) which makes fun of something to emphasize a needed change | 63 | |
| 7136375151 | short, simple sentences | it's brevity may make it emphatic... helps to characterize a speaker's style | 64 | |
| 7136375152 | simile | dominant technique (also called rhetorical device) using luke of as to compare two persons, places, or things | 65 | |
| 7136375153 | spatial organization | method of organization used mainly in descriptions— addresses everything in a certain area (space) before going on to another area | 66 | |
| 7136375154 | stereotypes | anything that represents something in a typical way. Terms may be described as stereotypical. | 67 | |
| 7136375155 | subjective | full of feelings, biases, etc. You may have to interpret a description as being subjective or objective. | 68 | |
| 7136375156 | subordinate clause | dominant technique (also called rhetorical device) a dependent clause beginning with a subordinate conjunction | 69 | |
| 7136375157 | syllogisms | a method of developing the argument of a paragraph involving three steps: if a major premise is true and a minor premise is true, then a conclusion or prediction about the future can be made | 70 | |
| 7136393511 | synonymous | means the same thing. You may have to pick a words that is synonymous with a word in the passage. | 71 | |
| 7136393512 | tone | the speaker's attitude... could be described as piousness, straightforwardness, sincerity, freedom, seriousness, hypocrisy, sinfulness, irony, restraint, melancholy and reproachful, remote and disinterested, outraged and intolerant, sarcastic and embittered, elevated and authoritative, coolly assessing, overtly sentimental, wry detachment, admiration verging on envy, thinly veiled contempt, sympathy bordering on pity, respect tinged with impatience, repugnance tinged wit envy, etc. Notice how the three word descriptions sound much more insightful and mature. | 72 | |
| 7136393513 | transitions | dominant technique (also called rhetorical device) using words like first, second, then, later, etc. to tie the paragraph parts together. Another type of transition in the repeating of certain key words or ideas from the previous paragraph. | 73 | |
| 7136393514 | understatement | dominant technique (also called rhetorical device) used as a method of developing the argument of a paragraph... also called litotes | 74 |
