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AP English Language Terms Flashcards

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5309733441Abstractn)-an abbreviated synopsis of a longer work of scholarship or research (adj) dealing with or tending to deal with a subject apart from a particular or specific instance0
5309735667Ad hominemdirected to or appealing to feelings or prejudices instead of to intellect or reason1
5309738893Adagea saying or proverb containing a truth based on experience and often couched in metaphorical language.2
5309741706Alliterationthe repetition of one or more initial consonants in a group of words or lines in a poem3
5309757151Allusiona reference to a person, place, or event meant to create an effect or to enhance the meaning of an idea4
5309760639Ambiguitya vagueness of meaning; a conscious lack of clarity meant to evoke multiple meanings or interpretations5
5309763741Anachronisma person, scene, event, or other element that fails to correspond with the appropriate time or era.6
5309766146Analogya comparison that points out similarities between two dissimilar things7
5309768258Anecdotea brief narrative often used to illustrate an idea or make a point8
5309771712Annotationa brief explanation, summary, or evaluation of a text or work of literature9
5309773778Antagonista character or force in a work of literature that, by opposing the protagonist, produces tension or conflict10
5309776700Antecedenta word to which a pronoun refers11
5309782401Antithesisa rhetorical opposition or contrast of ideas by means of a grammatical arrangement of words, clauses, or sentences12
5309797364Aphorisma short, pithy statement of a generally accepted truth or sentiment. Also see adage and maxim.13
5309799386Apollonianin contrast to Dionysian, it refers to the most noble, godlike qualities of human nature and behavior14
5309801584Apostrophea locution that addresses a person or personified thing not present.15
5309804788Arch (adj)characterized by clever or sly humor, often saucy, playful, and somewhat irreverent16
5309806117Archetypean abstract or ideal conception of a type; a perfectly typical example; an original model or form17
5309809014Assonancethe repetition of two or more vowel sounds in a group of words in prose or poetry18
5309810990Barda poet; in olden times, a performer who told heroic stories to musical accompaniment19
5309813660Bathosinsincere or overdone sentimentality20
5309816996Belle-lettresa French term for the world of books, criticism, and literature in general21
5309818350Bibliographya list of works cited or otherwise relevant to a particular subject22
5309820026Bombastinflated, pretentious language23
5309822309Burlesquea work of literature meant to ridicule a subject; a grotesque imitation24
5309826024Cacophonygrating, inharmonious sounds25
5309827764Canonthe works considered most important in a national literature or period; works widely read and studied26
5309829797Caricaturea grotesque or exaggerated likeness of striking qualities in persons and things27
5309832316Carpe diemliterally "seize the day"; "enjoy life while you can," a common theme in life and literature28
5309834172Circumlocutionliterally "talking around" a subject; i.e. discourse that avoids direct reference to a subject29
5309837186Classica highly regarded work of literature or other art form that has withstood the test of time30
5309839481Classical, classicismderiving from the orderly qualities of ancient Greek and Roman culture; implies formality, objectivity, simplicity, and restraint31
5309842160Clausea structural element of a sentence consisting of a grammatical subject and a predicate.32
5309845846Climaxthe high point, or turning point, of a story or play33
5309849340Comparison and contrasta mode of discourse in which the similarities or differences between two things are noted34
5309854991Conceita witty or ingenious thought, a diverting or highly fanciful idea, often stated in figurative language35
5309857394Concrete detaila highly specific, particular, often real, actual, or tangible detail; the opposite of abstract36
5309859064Connotationthe suggested or implied meaning of a word or phrase37
5309861534Consonancethe repetition of two or more consonant sounds in a group of words as a unit of speech or writing38
5309864750Critiquean analysis or assessment of a thing or situation for the purpose of determining its nature, limitations, and conformity to a set of standards39
5309867318Cynicone who expects and observes nothing but the worst of human conduct40
5309869566Deductive reasoninga method of reasoning by which specific definitions, conclusions, and theorems are drawn from general principles.41
5309873286Denotationthe dictionary definition of a word42
5309875199Dénouementthe resolution that occurs at the end of a narrative or drama, real or imagined43
5309876733Descriptive detailgraphic, exact, and accurate presentation of the characteristics of a person, place, or thing44
5309878704Deus ex machinain literature, the use of an artificial device or gimmick to solve a problem45
5309881334Dictionthe choice of words in oral and written discourse46
5309883202Didactichaving an instructive purpose; intending to convey information or teach a lesson, usually in a dry, pompous manner47
5309885188Digressionthat portion of discourse that wanders or departs from the main subject or topic48
5309887260Dionysianas distinguished from Apollonian, the word refers to sensual, pleasure-seeking impulses49
5309891875Dramatic ironya circumstance in which the audience or reader knows more about a situation than a character50
5309893972Elegya poem or prose selection that laments or mediates on the passing or death of someone or something of value.51
5309897051Ellipsisthree periods indicating the omission of words in a thought or quotation52
5309900580Elliptical constructiona sentence containing a deliberate omission of words.53
5309901809Empathya feeling of association or identification with an object or person54
5309904942Epica narrative poem that tells of the adventures and exploits of a hero55
5309907443Epigrama concise but ingenious, witty, and thoughtful statement56
5309910140Euphonypleasing, harmonious sounds57
5309912589Epithetan adjective or phrase that expresses a striking quality of a person or thing58
5309914730Eponymousa term for the title character of a work of literature59
5309916848Euphemisma mild or less negative usage for a harsh or blunt term.60
5309918989exegesisA detailed analysis or interpretation of a work of prose or poetry61
5309922005Exposéa factual piece of writing that reveals weaknesses, faults, frailties, or other shortcomings62
5309924037ExpositionThe background of the events that lead to the presentation of the main idea or purpose of an essay or other works; setting forth the meaning or purpose of a piece of writing or discourse63
5309925663Explicationthe interpretation or analysis of a text64
5309927848Extended metaphora series of comparisons between two unlike objects65
5309932164fableA short tale, often with non-human characters, from which a useful lesson or moral may be drawn66
5309935967Fallacy, fallacious reasoningan incorrect belief or supposition based on faulty data, defective evidence, false information, or flawed logic67
5309937942Fantasya story containing unreal, imaginary features68
5309941416farceA comedy that contains an extravagant and nonsensical disregard of seriousness, although it may have a serious, scornful purpose69
5309943398Figure of speech, figurative languagein contrast to literal language, it implies meanings. examples include, among many others, metaphor, simile, and personification70
5309953454frameA structure that provides a premise or setting for a narrative or other discourse.71
5309956308Genrea term used to describe literary forms, such as novel, play, and essay72
5309958116Haranguea forceful sermon, lecture, or tirade73
5309960134Homilya lecture or sermon on a religious or moral theme meant to guide human behavior74
5309962648Hubrisexcessive pride which often affects tone75
5309966960Humanisma belief that emphasizes faith and optimism in human potential and creativity76
5309969115Hyperboleoverstatement; gross exaggeration for theatrical effect77
5309970430idylla lyric poem or passage that describes a kind of ideal life or place78
5309975023ImageA word or phrase representing that which can be seen, touched, tasted, smelled, or felt79
5309977891Indirect quotationA rendering of a quotation in which actual words are not stated but only approximated or paraphrased80
5309979515Inductive reasoningA method of reasoning in which a number of specific facts or examples are used to make a generalization.81
5309982038InferenceA conclusion or proposition arrived at by considering facts, observations, or some other specific data82
5309986577Invectivea direct verbal assault; a denunciation; casting blame on someone or something83
5309988594IronyMode of expression and in which the intended meaning is the opposite of what is stated, often implying ridicule or a light sarcasm; a state of affairs or events that is the reverse of what might've been expected84
5309991918KenningA device employed in Anglo-Saxon poetry in which the name of a thing is replaced by one of its functions or qualities, as in "ring giver" for king "whale road" for ocean85
5309993543Lampoona mocking, satirical assault on a person or situation86
5309997460Litotesa form of understatement in which the negative of the contrary is used to achieve emphasis or intensity87
5310000351Loose sentencesentence that follows the customary word order of English sentences, i.e., subject-verb-object. The main idea of the sentence is presented first and is then followed by one or more subordinate clause.88
5310002014Lyrical prosepersonal, reflective prose that reveals the speaker's thoughts and feelings about the subject89
5310004142Malapropisma confused use of words in which the appropriate word is replaced by one with a similar sound but inappropriate meaning90
5310007573Maxima saying or proverb expressing common wisdom or truth. See also adage and aphorism.91
5310009786Melodramaa literary form in which events are exaggerated in order to create an extreme emotional response92
5310013075MetaphorA figure of speech that compares unlike objects without using "like" or "as."93
5310018469MetaphysicalA term describing poetry that uses elaborate conceits, expresses the complexities of love and life, and is highly intellectual. refers to ideas that are neither analytical nor subject to empirical verification; that is, ideas that express an attitude about which rational argument is impossible94
5310024864Metonymya figure of speech that uses the name of one thing to represent something else with which it is associated.95
5310026994Middle Englishthe language spoken in England roughly between 1150 and 1500 AD96
5310030959Mock epica parody of traditional epic form97
5310032729Mock solemnityfeigned or deliberately artificial seriousness, often for satirical purposes98
5310034744Modethe general form, pattern, and manner of expression of a piece of discourse99
5310037128Montagea quick succession of images or impressions used to express an idea100
5310039091moodThe emotional tone or prevailing atmosphere in a work of literature or other discourse. In grammar, it refers to the intent of a particular sentence.101
5310043383Morala brief and often simplistic lesson that a reader may infer from a work of literature102
5310044972Motifa phrase, idea, or event that through repetition serves to unify or convey a theme in an essay or other discourse103
5310046748Muse (n)one of the ancient Greek goddesses presiding over the arts; the imaginary source of inspiration for an artist or writer (v) to reflect deeply; to ponder104
5310049937Mythan imaginary story that has become an accepted part of the cultural or religious tradition of a group or society105
5310051944NarrativeA form of verse or prose (both fiction and nonfiction) that tells a story. A storyteller may use any number of devices, such as skipping back-and-forth in time, ordering events chronologically, and ordering events to lead up to a successful climax. Also see frame..106
5310058475Naturalisma term often used as a synonym for realism; also a view of experience that is generally characterized as bleak and pessimistic107
5310060788Non sequitura statement or idea that fails to follow logically from the one before108
5310062496Objective (adj)of or relating to facts and reality, as opposed to personal feelings and attitudes.109
5310065668Odea lyric poem usually marked by serious, respectful, and exalted feelings toward the subject110
5310067328Old Englishthe Anglo-Saxon language spoken from approximately 450 to 1150 AD in what is now Great Britain111
5310068997Omniscient narratora narrator with unlimited awareness, understanding, and insight of characters, setting, background, and all other elements of the story112
5310071199Onomatopoeiathe use of words whose sounds suggest their meaning.113
5310072731Oxymorona term consisting of contradictory elements juxtaposed to create a paradoxical effect.114
5310074779Parable-a story consisting of events from which a moral or spiritual truth may be derived115
5310077140Paradoxa statement that seems self-contradictory, but is nevertheless true116
5310080485Parallel structureThe structure required for expressing two or more grammatical elements of equal rank.117
5310082494Parodyan imitation of a work meant to ridicule its style and subject118
5310085663Paraphrasea version of a text put into simpler, everyday words or summarized for brevity.119
5310088189Pastorala work of literature dealing with rural life120
5310090055Pathetic fallacyfaulty reasoning that inappropriately ascribes human feelings to nature or nonhuman objects121
5310091763Pathosthat element in literature that stimulates pity or sorrow122
5310093576Pedanticnarrowly academic instead of broad and humane; excessively petty and meticulous123
5310095985Personathe role or facade that a character assumes or depicts to a reader or other audience124
5310099830Periodic sentenceA sentence that departs from the usual word order of English sentences by expressing its main thought only at the end. In other words, the particulars in the sentence are presented before that idea they support.125
5310101245Personificationa figure of speech in which objects and animals are given human characteristics126
5310102877PlotThe interrelationship among the events in the story; the plot line is the pattern of events, including exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, and resolution.127
5310105073Point of viewThe relation in which a narrator or speaker stands to a subject of discourse.128
5310109035PredicateThe part of the sentence that is not the grammatical subject. It often says something about the subject.129
5310111354Proseany discourse that is not poetry.130
5310113209Proverba short pithy statement of a general truth that condenses common experience into memorable form. See also adage and maxim.131
5310115623Pseudonyma false name or alias used by writers132
5310117352Pulp fictionfiction-novels written for mass consumption, often emphasizing exciting and titillating plots133
5310121192Puna humorous play on words, using similar-sounding or identical words to suggest different meanings134
5310123242Realismthe depiction of people, things, and events as they really are without idealization or exaggeration for effort135
5310125592rebuttal/refutationthe part of discourse wherein opposing arguments are anticipated and answered136
5310127229Reiterationrepetition of an idea using different words, often for emphasis or other effect137
5310129279Repetitionreuse of the same words, phrases, or ideas for rhetorical effect, usually to emphasize a point138
5310131091Retractionthe withdrawal of a previously stated idea or opinion139
5310133884Rhetoricthe language of a work and its style; words, often highly emotional, used to convince or sway an audience140
5310341631Rhetorical modeGeneral term that identifies discourse according to its chief purpose141
5310346974Rhetorical questiona question to which the audience already knows the answer; a question asked merely for effect with no answer expected142
5310353381Rhetorical stancelanguage that conveys a speaker's attitude or opinion with regard to a particular subject143
5310358169Rhymethe repetition of similar sounds at regular intervals, used mostly in poetry but not unheard of in prose144
5310360357Rhythmthe pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables that make up speech and writing145
5310362136Romancean extended narrative about improbable events and extraordinary people in exotic places146
5310363920Sarcasma sharp, caustic attitude conveyed in words through jibes, taunts, or other remarks147
5310365578Satirea literary style used to poke fun at, attack, or ridicule an idea, vice, or folible, often for the purpose of inducing change148
5310369392Sentence structureThe arrangement of the parts of a sentence149
5310371603Sentimenta synonym for view or feeling, also a refined and tender emotion in literature150
5310373875Sentimentala term that describes characters' excessive emotional response to experience; also nauseatingly nostalgic and mawkish151
5310377880Settingan environment that consists of time, place, historical milieu, and social, political, and even spiritual circumstances152
5310379604Similiea figurative comparison using the words like or as. Example: she sings like a canary153
5310381340Stream of consciousnessa style of writing in which the author tries to produce the random flow of thoughts in the human mind154
5310382947Stylethe manner in which an an author uses and arranges words, shapes ideas, forms sentences, and creates a structure to convey ideas155
5310384894Stylistic devicesa general term referring to diction, syntax, tone, figurative language, and all other elements that contribute to the style or manner of a given piece of discourse156
5310386715Subject complementthe name of a grammatical unit that is comprised of predicate nominatives and predicate adjective157
5310388889Subjectiveof or relating to private and personal feelings and attitudes as opposed to facts and reality158
5310390685Subtextthe implied meaning that underlies the main meaning of an essay or other work159
5310392872Syllogisma form of deductive reasoning in which given certain ideas or facts, other ideas or facts must follow160
5310395142SymbolismThe use of one object to evoke ideas and associations not literally part of the original object161
5310396950SynecdocheA figure of speech in which a part signifies the whole or the whole signifies the part or when the name of the material stands with the thing itself162
5310402387SyntaxThe organization of language into meaningful structure; a pattern of words163
5310404626ThemeThe main idea or meaning, often an abstract idea upon which an essay or other form of discourse is built164
5310406107Thesisthe main idea of a piece of discourse; the statement or proposition that a speaker or writer wishes to advance, illustrate, prove, or defend165
5310408721ToneThe author's attitude toward the subject being written about;the characteristic emotion that pervades a work or a part of the work-- the spirit or quality that is the work's emotional essence166
5310411095TragedyA form of literature in which the hero is destroyed by some character flaw or buy a set of forces cause a hero considerable anguish167
5310413045Transitionstylistic device used to create a link between ideas.168
5310415341TropeThe generic name for a figure of speech such an image, symbol, simile, and metaphor169
5310417362UnderstatementA restrained statement that departs from what could be said; A studied avoidance of emphasis or exaggeration, often to create a particular a particular effect170
5310420158Verbal ironyA discrepancy between the true meaning of the situation and the literal meaning of the written or spoken words171
5310422017Versesynonym for poetry; also a group of lines in a song or poem; also a single line of poetry172
5310424825Verisimilitudesimilar to the truth; the quality of realism in the work that persuades readers that they are getting a vision of life as it is or could have been173
5310427160VoiceThe real or assumed personality used by a writer or speaker174
5310429997Whimsyan object, device, or creation that is fanciful or rooted in unreality175
5310432302WitThe quickness of intellect and the power and talent for saying brilliant things that surprise and delight by their unexpectedness; the power to comment subtly and pointedly on the foibles of the passing scene176

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