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AP English Language Terms Flashcards

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7234020294alliterationthe repetition of the initial consonant sound in two or more neighboring words (Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers)0
7234030677allusiona brief reference to a person, place, event, or passage in a work of literature assumed to be sufficiently well known to be recognized by the reader (My dog is so old; she's been around since the flood)1
7234049828ambiguitythe multiple meanings, either intentional or unintentional, of a word, phrase, sentence, or passage; a double entendre is a type of ambiguity (the short story "The Most Dangerous Game)2
7234059239Anadiplosisthe repetition of the last word of one phrase, clause, or sentence, at the beginning of the next phrase, clause, or sentence (Fear leads to anger. Anger leads to hate. Hate leads to suffering.)3
7234127663analogya comparison between two things in which the more complex is explained in terms of the more simple (comparing a year-long profile of the stock index to a roller-coaster ride)4
7234143660anaphorathe repetition of a word or a phrase at the beginning of several successive verses, clauses, or paragraphs (I have a dream... I have a dream... I have a dream.)5
7234166162anecdotea short, entertaining account of some happening , frequently personal or biographical6
7234172288antecedentthe word, phrase, or clause referred to by a pronoun (John stopped at the store before he went home)7
7234214930anticlimaxa sudden drop from the dignified or important in thought or expression to the commonplace or trivial, often for humorous effect8
7234235492anthesisa sentence in which opposing ideas are presented in parallel grammatical structure (It was the best of times; it was the worst of times.)9
7234265224aphorisma short statement of known authorship which expressed a general truth or moral principle (A penny saved is a penny earned; an apple a day keeps the doctor away)10
7234291947apostrophea figure of speech that directly addresses an absent or imaginary person or personified abstraction (Emily Dickinson's poem "Heart! We will forget him.")11
7234308358asyndetonthe omission of a conjunction from a sentence in which it would normally be used (The fruit bowl overflowed with grapes, apples, peaches, bananas, oranges, pears, tangerines)12
7234359711chiasmusverbal crisscrossing in a sentence; the order of the words in the first clause is inverted in the second clause (Ask no what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for a country)13
7234369951clausea grammatical unit that contains both a subject and a verb. An independent, or main, clause expresses a complete thought and can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent, or subordinate, clause cannot stand alone a a sentence and must be accompanied by an independent clause.14
7235878564clichean overused expression that should be avoided (a picture is worth a thousand words)15
7235880477colloquialismword or phrase used in everyday speech but avoided in formal writing (Jack was bummed out about his chemistry grade)16
7235883431connotationthe non literal, associative meaning of a word; the implied, suggested meaning. Connotations may involve ideas, emotions, or attitudes (slender, skinny, gaunt, emaciated - these words may have similar denotations, but their connotations are different)17
7235928667damning with faint praiseintentional use of a positive statement that has a negative implication (Your new hairdo is so... interesting.)18
7235933490deductive reasoninga form of reasoning that begins with a generalization, then applies the generalization to a specific case; a syllogism is a form of deductive reasoning where a conclusion is drawn based on a major premise and minor premise (Major premise: All men are mortal; Minor Premise: Socrates is a man; Conclusion: Socrates is mortal)19
7235943930denotationthe literal or dictionary definition of the word, without associated feelings20
7235946849dictionthe writer's word choice; for example formal, informal, ornate, plain, etc.21
7235949779didacticintended to instruct; incline to teach or moralize excessively22
7235952134digressiona temporary departure from the main subject in speaking or writing23
7235953861ellipsisthe punctuation (...) that indicates something has been left out of a quotation24
7235957185euphemismthe use of a word or phrase that is less direct, and less distasteful or offensive, than another ("he is at rest" is a euphemism for "he is dead")25
7235962096extended metaphora metaphor that is developed a great length26
7235963505figurative languagewriting or speech that is not intended to carry literal meaning27
7235965597genrea major category or type of literature (novel, play, short story, speech, etc.)28
7235968402hyperbolean extravagant exaggeration of fact, used for effect (there were a million people at my party last night)29
7235972998imagerythe sensory details used to describe or arouse emotions (visual imagery - sight; auditory imagery - sound; tactile imagery - touch; olfactory imagery - smell; gustatory imagery - taste)30
7235984787inductive reasoninga form of reasoning which begins with a body of fact and then formulates a generalization (Socrates was mortal; Abraham Lincoln was mortal; my grandfather was mortal; therefore, all men must be mortal;31
7235990617inferencea reasonable conclusion drawn from the information presented32
7235992613invectivean emotionally violent, verbal denunciation or attack using strong, abusive language33
7235995406inverted syntaxreversing the normal word order of a sentence ("Whose woods these are I think I know." Robert Frost)34

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