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AP English Literature Review, AP Literary Devices Flashcards

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9876096798AntagonistThe force or character that opposes the main character, the protagonist.0
9876096800AsideWords spoken by an actor intended to be heard by the audience but not by the other characters on stage.1
9876096801BalladA song-like poem that tells a story2
9876096802Blank verseUnrhymed iambic pentameter.3
9876096803CacophonyHarsh or discordant sounds in a line or passage of a literary work.4
9876096804CaesuraA break or pause within a line of poetry indicated by punctuation and used to emphasize meaning.5
9876096806ClimaxThe turning point of action or character in a literary work, usually the highest moment of tension.6
9876096807Comic ReliefThe inclusion of humorous character or scene to contrast with the tragic elements of a work, thereby intensifying the next tragic event.7
9876096810CoupletTwo lines of rhyming poetry.8
9876096815ElegyA poem that laments the dead or a loss.9
9876096816EnjambmentA technique in poetry that involves the running on of a line or stanza. It enables the poem to move and to develop coherence as well as directing the reader with regard to form and meaning.10
9876096817EpicA lengthy, elevated poem that celebrates the exploits of a hero.11
9876096818EuphonyThe pleasant, mellifluous presentation of sounds in a literary work.12
9876096819ExpositionBackground information presented in a literary work.13
9876096820FableA simple, symbolic story, usually employing animals as characters.14
9876096822FlashbackA device that enables a writer to refer to past thoughts, events, and episodes.15
9876096823FootA metrical unit in poetry; a syllabic measure of a line: iamb, trochee, anapest, dactyl, and spondee.16
9876096824ForeshadowingHints of future events in a literary work.17
9876096825FormThe shape or structure of a literary work.18
9876096826Free VersePoetry without a defined form, meter, or rhyme scheme.19
9876096828IambA metrical foot consisting of an unaccented syllable followed by an accented one (us)20
9876096829ImageA verbal approximation of a sensory impression, concept, or emotion.21
9876096830ImageryThe total effect of related sensory images in a work of literature.22
9876096831Situational IronyA contrast between what happens and what was intended or expected to happen.23
9876096832Lyric poetryA type of poetry characterized by emotion, personal feelings, and brevity.24
9876096835MeterA pattern of beats in poetry25
9876096838MotifThe repetition or variations of an image or idea in a work which is used to develop theme or characters.26
9876096839Narrative poemA poem that tells a story27
9876096840NarratorThe speaker of a prose work.28
9876096841OctaveAn eight-line stanza, usually combined with a sestet in a Petrarchan sonnet.29
9876096842OdeA complex, long lyric poem characterized by a serious subject and formal tone30
9876096844OxymoronAn image of contradictory terms.31
9876096845ParableA story that operates on more than one level and usually teaches a moral lesson.32
9876096847Parallel plotA secondary story line that mimics and reinforces the main plot.33
9876096848ParodyA comic imitation of a work that ridicules the original34
9876096849PathosThe aspects of a literary work that elicit pity from the audience.35
9876096851PlotA sequence of events in a literary work36
9876096853ProtagonistThe hero or main character of a literary work, the character the audience sympathizes with.37
9876096854QuatrainA four line stanza38
9876096855ResolutionThe denouement of a literary work.39
9876096856Rhetorical QuestionA question that does not expect an explicit answer.40
9876096857Rhyme schemeThe annotation of the pattern of the rhyme41
9876096858RhythmThe repetitive pattern of beats in poetry42
9876096859RomanticismA style or movement of literature that has as its foundation an interest in freedom, adventure, idealism, and escape.43
9876096860SatireWriting that ridicules human nature to bring about social reform44
9876096862SestetA six-line stanza, usually paired with an octave to firm a Petrarchan sonnet.45
9876096864SettingThe time and place of a literary work46
9876096865SimileAn indirect comparison that uses the word, "like" or "as" to link the differing items in the comparison.47
9876096866SoliloquyA speech in a play which is used to reveal the character's inner thoughts to the audience.48
9876096867SonnetA 14-line poem with a prescribed rhyme scheme in iambic pentameter.49
9876096869StanzaA unit of a poem, similar in rhyme, meter, and length to other units in the porm50
9876096870StructureThe organization and form of a work.51
9876096871StyleThe unique way an author presents his ideas.52
9876096875TercetA three-line stanza53
9876096878Tragic HeroAccording to Aristotle, a basically good person of noble birth or exalted position who has a fatal flaw or commits an error in judgement which leads to his downfall. The tragic hero must have a moment of realization and live and suffer.54
9876096879TrocheeA single metrical foot consisting of one accented syllable followed by one unaccented syllable (su)55
9876096880UnderstatementThe opposite of exaggeration.56
9876096881VillanelleA highly structured poetic form that comprises six stanzas: five tercets and a quatrain. The poem repeats the first and third line throughout.57
9876096882SpeakerThe voice behind the poem—the person we imagine to be saying the words out loud58
9876096883PastoralPoetry that presents an ideal country setting59
9876096884FoilA character that serves as a contrast to another character60
9876096887BildungsromanA coming-of-age story61
9876096888AssonanceThe repetition of vowel sounds in a sequence of words with different endings62
9876096891Antithesisthe direct opposite63
9876096892Dictionthe writer's word choices64
9876096893Symbolgenerally anything that represents itself and stands for something else65
9876096894AllegoryThe device of using characters and story elements to represent an abstraction in addition to a literal idea.66
9876096895AlliterationRepetition of sounds especially the initial consonants of words near each other in written work.67
9876096896AphorismA terse statement of known authorship which expresses a general truth or principle. A sort of folk proverb68
9876096897ApostropheA figure of speech in which the speaker directly addresses an absent or imaginary person or a personified idea.69
9876096898ConceitA fanciful expression, usually in the form of an extended metaphor or surprising analogy between seemingly dissimilar objects.70
9876096899ConnotationThe non-literal meaning of a word; the implied or suggested meaning.71
9876096900DenotationThe literal meaning of a word72
9876096901DidacticDidactic words have the primary purpose of teaching or instructing73
9876096902Euphemisma more agreeable or less offensive substitute for a generally unpleasant word or concept. "Earthly remains" rather than "corpse"74
9876096903Figurative LanguageWriting or language not meant to be taken literally75
9876096904HyperboleA figure of speech using deliberate exaggeration or overstatement76
9876096905imagerySensory details77
9876096906InvectiveAn emotionally violent, verbal denunciation or attack using strong abusive language78
9876096907MetaphorA figure of speech using implied comparisons of seemingly unlike things79
9876096908Metonymya figure of speech in which the name for one object is substituted for that of another closely related to it. For example, "The White House declared".... the "White House is substituted for the "president".80
9876096909MoodThe prevailing atmosphere or emotional aura of a work (different from tone which involves the writer's attitude).81
9876096910OnomatopoeiaA figure of speech in which natural sounds are imitated in the sounds of words.82
9876096912ParallelismAlso called parallel structure. Refers to grammatical or rhetorical framing of words phrases, sentences or paragraphs to give structural similarity. For example, "It was the best of times, it was the worse of times".83
9876096913Anaphoraa sub type of parallelism, with the exact repetition of words or phrases at the beginning of successive lines. MLK uses anaphora in his famous "I Have a Dream" speech.84
9876096914PedanticAn adjective that describes words or phrases that are overly scholarly, academic, or bookish85
9876096915PersonificationFigurative language in which the author describes concepts, animals, or inanimate objects by endowing them with human attributes or emotions.86
9876096916Point of ViewThe perspective from which the story is told.87
9876096917ProseCommon writing style in which the writer generally uses complete sentence structure as opposed to poetry (in which the poet determines the length of the line based on other considerations).88
9876096918RepetitionThe duplication, either exact or approximate, of any element of language such as sound, word, phrase, clause, sentence, or grammatical pattern.89
9876096919ShiftTonal, point of view, structural change in writing that may signify an important new element.90
9876096920SynecdocheFigure of speech in which a part of something is used to represent the whole. For example, "all hands on deck" in which the hands represent the sailors. how about , "wheels" representing your car?91
9876096921SynesthesiaWhen one kind of sensory stimulus evokes the subjective experience of another. In literature synesthesia refers to the use of associating two or more senses to the same image.... "Taste the pain" "Jerry's got the blues today"92
9876096922SyntaxThe way an author decides to join words into phrases, clauses, and sentences.93
9876096923ThemeThe central idea or message of a work, the insight it offers into life.94
9876096924ToneAn author's attitude toward her material. Can be formed by author's use of diction as well as other techniques.95
9876096925AllusionExample: "Will all great Neptune's ocean wash this blood clean from my hand?"96
9876096927LitotesExample: "Not the brightest bulb" or "Not a beauty"97
9876096928InversionChanging the conventional placement of words (not exclusive to but most common in poetry)98
9876096929PortmanteauExample: "smog" or "brunch"99
9876096931ParadoxExample: "Fair is foul and foul is fair"100
9876096932ConsonanceExample: "A Quietness distilled As Twilight long begun" (Dickinson)101
9876096933DoppelgangerA character who serves as a twin, shadow, or a mirror-image of a protagonist.102

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