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| 8218717814 | i can identify the physical and chemical processes that support life on the planet | physical: water cycle, heat, soil formation chemical: photosynthesis, nutrient cycle, respiration | 0 | |
| 8218721272 | i can explain why high quality energy from the sun loses quality as it moves through the ecosystem | one way flow of hq energy sun - living things - environment (air & water) - space (high quality to low quality) ex/ sunlight hits a car = heat radiation off of car | 1 | |
| 8218724586 | i can describe the levels of hierarchy that make up an ecosystem | producers < consumers < decomposers | 2 | |
| 8218726006 | i can identify the trophic levels in an ecosystem | ecologists assign every type of organism in an ecosystem to a feeding level, depending on its source of food or nutrients |  | 3 |
| 8219584957 | producers | sometimes called autotrophs (self feeders) through processes like photosynthesis ex/ lichen, moss | 4 | |
| 8219593995 | consumers | "other feeders", cannot produce the nutrients they need. get their nutrients by feeding on other organisms. depend on producers. ex/ humans | 5 | |
| 8218730104 | i can model energy moving through a food chain in an ecosystem using the 10% rule and hierarchy of trophic levels |  | 6 | |
| 8218734900 | i can compare and contrast Gross Primary Production and Net Primary Production | GPP: rate at which primary producers (plants and algae) convert solar energy to biomass NPP: rate at which primary producers make chemical energy that is stored in their tissues available to other organisms (both are measured in Kcal/m^2/yr | 7 | |
| 8218738847 | i can defend Net Primary Production's essential role in determining the biodiversity of an ecosystem | biodiversity is positively effected by high temps and high rates of NPP | 8 | |
| 8218743056 | i can analyze cause and effects of human activity on Earth's nutrient cycles (carbon, sulfur, phosphorus, and nitrogen) | carbon: deforestation = less carbon sinks, which = high carbon sulfur: high sulfur = less plant growth phosphorus & nitrogen: high P + N causes algae to grow faster than the environment can handle | 9 | |
| 8219646523 | Carbon Cycle | the circulation and transformation of carbon back and forth between living things and the environment. human activity ex/ burning of fossil fuels, land use and land cover change | 10 | |
| 8219673632 | Sulfur Cycle | burning of coal, natural gas, and other fossil fuels has greatly increased the amount of S in the atmosphere and ocean and depleted the sedimentary rock sink. | 11 | |
| 8219673633 | Phosphorus Cycle | humans affect the phosphorus cycle mainly by the use of fertilizers and raising livestock, especially hogs. fertilizers and hog waste are high in phosphorus, which makes its way into the soil (where it is necessary in moderate amounts) and, due to runoff, in water. | 12 | |
| 8219677608 | Nitrogen Cycle | fossil fuels burning, automobiles, factories, power plants and other combustion processes that were stored in geological forms are sent back into the atmosphere by human actions which increase the amount of Nitrogen and affect the Nitrogen cycle | 13 | |
| 8218745692 | i can analyze ways in which nature's biodiversity provides humans with natural capital | biodiversity is key to the functionality of an ecosystem and farming industrial industries rely on that. also, without functioning ecosystems, we would lose the vital things we need to survive like oxygen, water, etc. | 14 | |
| 8218749387 | i can differentiate between a genetic mutation and genetic resistance | a gene mutation is a permanent alteration in the DNA sequence that makes up a gene, such that the sequence differs from what is found in most people. genetic resistance is inherited changes in the DNA of humans which increase resistance to the disease and result in increased survival of individuals with the genetic change. | 15 | |
| 8218749388 | i can explain natural selection | process by which traits that enhance survival and reproduction are passed on more frequently to future generations than those that do not, thus altering the genetic makeup of populations through time. | 16 | |
| 8218764136 | i can explain how geologic processes, climate change, and biogeographical islands can have an effect on natural selection | geological processes: allowed species to move, adapt, and and form new species through natural selection. also, earthquakes can cause fissures in Earth's crust that can separate and isolate populations of species. climate change: biogeographical islands: | 17 | |
| 8218765986 | i can explain and give an example of divergent and covergent evolution | divergent evolution occurs when two different species share a common ancestor but have different characteristics from one another (ex/ ) convergent evolution occurs when two different species do not share a common ancestor but have developed similar characteristics through adaption to similar environmental conditions (ex/ similar nature of the flight/wings of insects, birds, pterosaurs, and bats. all four serve the same function and are similar in structure, but each evolved independently) | 18 | |
| 8218770684 | i can differentiate between biological extinction, local extinction (extirpation), background extinction, and mass extinction | bio extinction: a species is no longer found anywhere on earth local ext: condition of a species that ceases to exist in the chosen geographic area of study, though it still exists elsewhere background ext: ongoing extinction of individual species due to environmental or ecological factors such as climate change, disease, loss of habitat, or competitive disadvantage in relation to other species. mass ext: extinction of a large number of species within a relatively short period of geological time, thought to be due to factors such as a catastrophic global event or widespread environmental change that occurs too rapidly for most species to adapt | 19 | |
| 8218773894 | i can provide evidence as to why endemic species and K selected species are vulnerable to extinctions | endemic species, or animals and plants that are restricted to a relatively small area, such as an island, are inherently vulnerable to extinction. they have incurred the greatest number of extinctions in the past 400 years. changes in their habitat or losses to their populations can eliminate them. K-selected species are more prone to extinction than r-selected species because they mature later in life and have fewer offspring with longer gestation times. | 20 | |
| 8218777773 | i can explain the difference in a K selected and R selected species | K: long life span, low infant mortality (mot infants survive) high parental care for young, high reproductive age, long gestation (being carried in the womb) period, low #s per birth (ex/ humans, elephants) R: "lay em & leave em". short life span, high infant mortality (low # of infants actually survive), no parental care, young reproductive age/reproductively capably at or shortly after birth, short gestation period, 10s-100s of babies at birth (ex/ amphibians, plants, fish, insects) | 21 | |
| 8218787895 | i can discuss and give evidence for an area having a high or low biodiversity in terms of species richness, relative abundance (evenness) | biodiversity = lots of different species, relative abundance: different amounts of different species | 22 | |
| 8218800936 | i can explain with supporting evidence the importance of specialist, indicator, keystone, and foundation species in the health and diversity of an ecosystem | SPECIALIST: can only survive in a specific environment INDICATOR: serve as an early sign of ecosystem damage KEYSTONE: largely impact ecosystem, if they are removed the ecosystem collapses. FOUNDATION: provide habitat for other species | 23 | |
| 8218803854 | i can provide evidence to support the hypothesis that species rich ecosystems are productive and sustainable | when an ecosystem is more species rich, more of those species are working together to sustain the cycle of the system. if there is no diversity, the species cannot work together to get the things they need that would otherwise be provided by a different species. | 24 | |
| 8218806021 | i can explain how biotic and abiotic factors correspond to the amount of diversity in an area | biotic factors shape ecosystems locally and over a short period of time. abiotic factors shape larger-scale patterns locally & globally over long periods of time. | 25 | |
| 8218810084 | i can analyze benefit and loss between interactions of organisms using examples for... Parasitism, Mutualist, Commensalism, Predation | predation: one species eats another to survive mutualism: both species benefit from each other in a way that benefits both commensalism: one species benefits and the other is unaffected parasitism: one organism lives as a parasite in the other and feeds off of it, negatively effecting the host | 26 | |
| 8218815160 | i can give evidence for outcomes between interspecific and intraspecific species competition | competition occurs when organisms have an adverse effect on each other as a result of requiring the same resource. ... when these organisms belong to the same species it is referred to as intraspecific competition. when it occurs between individuals of different species it is interspecific competition. | 27 | |
| 8218822052 | i can give evidence for outcomes adaption allowing organisms to compete for resources and survive competition such as.. Camouflage, Mimicry, Resource Partitioning, Chemical Warfare, Warning Coloration, Behavioral Stratagies | camo: blend in to surroundings so predators cannot find them mimicry: make themselves look like something the predator doesn't want to eat, like something poisonous resource partitioning: divide a niche to avoid competition for resources chemical warfare: when they use other organisms that cause harm to the predator like harmful bacteria and viruses warning coloration: the species has a bright color to indicate they are poisonous so they know to avoid it behavioral stratagies: species use social behavior to stay safe and protect each other | 28 | |
| 8218823507 | i can explain how coevolution works | cases where two (or more) species reciprocally affect each other's evolution. ... coevolution is likely to happen when different species have close ecological interactions with one another. these ecological relationships include: predator/prey and parasite/host. | 29 | |
| 8218828777 | i can describe and give examples of different population distribution and under what circumstances they exist (uniformed, clumped, and dispersed) | uniformed: more can survive, decreases biodiversity clumped: safety, cooperation/finding resources random: highest biodiversity/resources | 30 | |
| 8218831002 | i can identify and describe limiting factors for animal populations | family choice, food, shelter, water, predator/disease | 31 | |
| 8218842604 | i can analyze a population growth chart for K and R selected species | K SELECTED: parents take extra care of their young to make sure they survive, few babies at once, majority live long. R SELECTED: have thousands of babies at once, parents don't tend to young, majority does not survive after birth | 32 | |
| 8218848100 | i can explain how environmental resistance affects carrying capacity of a population | depends on water, food, etc. sets parameters | 33 | |
| 8218850798 | i can analyze and explain the difference in a population with exponential versus a population with logistic growth | exponential: always growing - no limit logistic: grows to a carrying capacity and levels out | 34 | |
| 8218852471 | i can analyze a boom bust cycle in a population | a population that repeatedly and regularly increases and decreases in size | 35 | |
| 8218859241 | i can analyze density dependent and density independent factors that affect population growth | DD: dependent on a population to spread (disease, food, space/habitat) DI: going to happen no matter how big or small the population is (natural disaster, sunlight) | 36 | |
| 8218862076 | i can analyze causes and describe stages of primary and secondary succession | primary succession: long period of time where pioneering species begin to grow and decompose to create nutrient rich soil (causes: glaciers, volcanoes, concrete, flood) secondary succession: following primary succession, grass grows, then shrubs, then trees. final stage = old growth forest (causes: fire, flood, storms, abandoned farms) | 37 | |
| 8218865477 | i can explain the biological and physical aspects of plants that are considered pioneer species | (moss, lichens, legumes, phytoplankton) lichens: break down rock to make soil legumes: contain bacteria in their roots. plant provides sugars for the bacteria and the bacteria provides nitrogen for the plant so it can grow in unusual places. | 38 | |
| 8218867910 | i can analyze the role of pioneer species in primary succession | over long periods of time the remains of these species lay down nutrient rich soil that paves the way for the establishment of their plant communities. this is called primary ecological succession. | 39 | |
| 8218872074 | i can analyze what a climax community and old growth forests have in common, citing examples of where you would find these communities in a modern age | old growth forests = untouched by humans. old growth forests are in the final stage of secondary succession, aka a climax community. great bear forest, amazon rainforest | 40 | |
| 8218874942 | i can connect and outline the progression of humans with extinctions and loss of biodiversity | humans used large bodied mammals for food and other survival resources like clothing, shelter etc. since the human population is continually growing, too many people killed too many animals for survival, therefore causing them to go extinct. | 41 | |
| 8218883903 | i can distinguish between endangered and threatened species and cite examples for each | endangered - any species that is in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range; threatened - any species that is likely to become an endangered species within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range. | 42 | |
| 8218887255 | i can identify and describe four reasons why humans should protect and save animals an plants from extinction | adaption/advancement of species , linked to : overall health of ecosystem, medicine, oxygen, food/pollination, water cycling/ filtration, spiritual, art, nutrient cycles, resources (metal, lumber, etc) | 43 | |
| 8218890701 | i can outline the ways in which humans are causing loss of biodiversity through HIPPCO | Habitat loss Invasive species Population growth Pollution Climate change Over consumption | 44 | |
| 8218905249 | i can identify and describe International and National laws that help save biodiversity (CITES Treaty, Endangered Species Act) | CITES (the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) is an international agreement between governments. Its aim is to ensure that international trade in specimens of wild animals and plants does not threaten their survival. the Endangered Species Act provides for the conservation of species that are endangered or threatened throughout all or a significant portion of their range, and the conservation of the ecosystems on which they depend. | 45 | |
| 8218939163 | i can discuss how laws that protect biodiversity can be effective and ineffective | federal laws are easy to enforce while international laws are hard to enforce | 46 | |
| 8218947870 | i can discuss pros and cons of wildlife refuges, zoos/botanical gardens, and captive breeding programs as strategies to save biodiversity | keep species alive, increase population, learning purposes, $$$ raised in zoos help scientists in the wild con: genes of animals is limited to those in the zoo | 47 | |
| 8218951017 | i can identify and describe ways to prevent deforestation and between manage forests in order to protect biodiversity | -enforce federal laws that restrict the amount of trees that are cut per year, per company -selective and strip cutting -control burn (frequent and small) | 48 | |
| 8218953658 | i can identify and describe ways to better manage grasslands in order to protect biodiversity | control the # of animals grazing a certain area and how long they graze there. suppress the growth of invader plants by using herbicides, mechanical removal, or controlled burning and controlled trampling. rotation grazing:mimic natural herding of herbivores | 49 | |
| 8218955582 | i can identify and describe ways to better manage national parks ad refuges to protect biodiversity | set aside as "wilderness" and make a federal law not to disturb it. create buffer zones. create habitat corridors (very good way) | 50 |
