Terms : Hide Images
| 9653158211 | population density | the number of individuals of a population that inhabit a certain unit of land or water area | 0 | |
| 9653160912 | population dispersion | how individuals of a population are spaced within a region, 3 types: random, clumping, and uniform | 1 | |
| 9653165753 | random | type of population dispersion where the position of each individual is not affected by the other members, uncommon | 2 | |
| 9653170285 | clumping | type of population dispersion where individuals flock together, most common type | 3 | |
| 9653172613 | uniform | type of population dispersion where the members of the population are evenly spaced throughout the geographic region, usually a result of competition (ex: forests, so each tree gets light and water) | 4 | |
| 9653177727 | biotic potential | the amount that a population would grow if there were unlimited resources in the environment, impractical model for growth because resources are limited | 5 | |
| 9653184787 | carrying capacity (K) | the maximum population size that can be sustainably supported by the available resources in the region, is different for different species | 6 | |
| 9653192717 | logistic population growth | s-shaped curve |  | 7 |
| 9653196392 | Rule of 70 | the time it takes for a population to double can be found by dividing 70 by the current growth rate as a percentage | 8 | |
| 9653200051 | r-selected organisms | type of organism that reproduces early in life and has a high capacity for reproductive growth (bacteria, algae), little or no care is given to offspring but enough survive due to their sheer numbers | 9 | |
| 9653208416 | k-selected organisms | type of organism that reproduces later in life, produces fewer offspring and nurtures them because there are so few and they must be preserved (humans) | 10 | |
| 9653216253 | boom-and-bust cycle | common among r-strategists, rapid increase in population and equally rapid drop off that may be linked to environment cycles | 11 | |
| 9653225402 | predator-prey cycle | when prey population goes up, predator population goes up a little while later too |  | 12 |
| 9653234207 | density-dependent | factors that limit population based on the size of the population itself, like increased predation, competition, disease | 13 | |
| 9653241711 | density-independent | population limiting factors that act separately from the population size, regardless of if the population is big or small, like fire, storms, earthquakes | 14 | |
| 9653250153 | survivorship curve | type 1=k-selected, many offspring live for a long age and eventually start to die off type 2=offspring have 50-50 chance of surviving type 3=r-selected, majority die young but if they live to a certain age, they will live a longer life |  | 15 |
| 9653272032 | crude birth rate | the number of live births per 1,000 members of the population in a year | 16 | |
| 9653274045 | crude death rate | the number of deaths per 1,000 members of the population in a year | 17 | |
| 9653278451 | emigration | the movement of people out of a population | 18 | |
| 9653279522 | immigration | the movement of people into a population | 19 | |
| 9653283597 | total fertility rate (TFR) | the number of children a woman will bear during her lifetime based on an analysis of data from preceding years | 20 | |
| 9653286395 | replacement birth rate | the number of children a couple must have to replace themselves, slightly higher than 2 to compensate for death of children and people who do not have kids | 21 | |
| 9653295139 | age-structure pyramids | diagrams used to graphically represent populations, can group humans into pre-reproductive (0-14), reproductive (15-44) and post-reproductive (44 and older), or group based on age. four types: rapid growth, slow growth, zero growth, and negative growth |  | 22 |
| 9653311296 | population momentum | when a country has a large number of people that are pre-reproductive or reproductive, so their population will increase significantly over time | 23 | |
| 9653315283 | demographic transition model | used to predict population growth based on birth and death rates. zero growth can happen 2 ways: high birth and death rate or low birth and death rate | 24 | |
| 9653320421 | demographic transition | a shift from high birth rates and high death rates to low birth and death rates through 4 stages: preindustrial state, transitional state, industrial state, postindustrial state |  | 25 |
| 9653326931 | preindustrial state | first stage of demographic transition, population has low growth and high birth and death rate because of harsh living conditions, or environmental resistance | 26 | |
| 9653332719 | transitional state | second stage of demographic transition when birth rates are high but death rates are lower due to better food, water, and heath care, allowing for rapid growth. high birth rates because of cultural traditions and lack of education for women | 27 | |
| 9653339392 | industrial state | third stage of demographic transition where population growth is still fairly high but birth rate drops and becomes similar to death rate, includes most developing countries | 28 | |
| 9653342801 | postindustrial state | fourth stage of demographic transition where population approaches and reaches zero growth rate or drop below it | 29 | |
| 9704851438 | genetically modified organisms (GMOs) | when strands of DNA that code for things like pest resistance or larger crop size are inserted into organisms, leads to less genetic diversity and no clear data about their effect on people exists yet | 30 | |
| 9704874109 | macronutrients | nutrients that are needed in large amounts (proteins, carbohydrates, fats) | 31 | |
| 9704884832 | micronutrients | nutrients that are needed in smaller amounts (vitamins, iron, minerals) | 32 | |
| 9704889968 | hunger | occurs when insufficient calories are taken in to replace those being expended | 33 | |
| 9704895113 | malnutrition | poor nutrition that results from a poorly balanced diet that may lack essential vitamins or other components | 34 | |
| 9704902582 | undernourished | describes those who do not receive sufficient resources to sustain growth and health | 35 | |
| 9704957324 | food deserts | neighborhoods where the majority of the residents are low-income and access to fresh, healthy food is hard to find | 36 | |
| 9706365729 | Feeding America | a charity that provides food to those in need by using food that would otherwise go to waste | 37 | |
| 9706461135 | brownfields | areas that contain abandoned factories or former residential sites, redevelopment of them is hindered since soil and water may be contaminated | 38 | |
| 9706500974 | megacities | cities that have growth in excess of 10 million people very rapidly, may lead to deficiency of housing and more homeless people | 39 | |
| 9706519932 | ecological footprint | describes the environmental impact of a population, defined as the amount of Earth's surface needed to supply the needs of and dispose of the waste of a population, found by I=PAT | 40 | |
| 9706545395 | IPAT | equation used to find ecological footprint, where I=total impact, P=population size, A=affluence, T=level of technology, each of these variables affect the footprint | 41 | |
| 9706561187 | critically endangered | species that are under a very high risk of extinction | 42 | |
| 9706566964 | endangered | species that are likely to become extinct | 43 | |
| 9706571111 | vulnerable | species that are likely to become endangered if no action is taken | 44 | |
| 9706575847 | threatened species | species that are either endangered, critically endangered, or vulnerable | 45 | |
| 9706585262 | background extinction rate | natural rate of extinctions throughout Earth's history; the current rate is 50-500 times higher than this | 46 | |
| 9706603423 | fragmented | when animal habitats are broken down into smaller pieces, can happen when roads and cities are built | 47 | |
| 9706611263 | degradation | what happens to habitats when pollutant are added to the environment | 48 | |
| 9706616305 | biodiversity hot spot | a highly diverse region that faces severe threats and has already lost 70% of its original vegetation | 49 | |
| 9706631479 | Marine Mammal Protection Act (1972) | act that protected marine mammals from falling below their optimal sustainable population levels | 50 | |
| 9706641483 | Endangered Species Act (1973) | act that prohibited the commerce of those species considered to be endangered or threatened | 51 | |
| 9706645162 | CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species) | agreement that bans the capture, exportation, or sale of endangered and threatened species | 52 | |
| 9706653545 | HIPPCO | causes of extinction; habitat destruction/fragmentation, invasive species, population, pollution, climate change, overharvesting/exploitation | 53 |
