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AP Environmental Law Review Flashcards

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7125171632Clean Air Actis the comprehensive federal law that regulates air emissions from stationary and mobile sources.0
7125171633Clean Water Actsestablishes the basic structure for regulating discharges of pollutants into the waters of the United States and regulating quality standards for surface waters1
7125171634Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation Liability Actprovides a Federal "Superfund" to clean up uncontrolled or abandoned hazardous-waste sites as well as accidents, spills, and other emergency releases of pollutants and contaminants into the environment.2
7125171635Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species Actis an international agreement between governments. Its aim is to ensure that international trade in specimens of wild animals and plants does not threaten their survival.3
7125171636Endangered Species Actprovides a program for the conservation of threatened and endangered plants and animals and the habitats in which they are found.4
7125171637Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Actauthorizes EPA to set tolerances, or maximum residue limits, for pesticide residues on foods. Once a tolerance is established, the residue level in the tolerance is the trigger for enforcement actions. That is, if residues are found above that level, the commodity will be subject to seizure.5
7125171638Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Actprovides for federal regulation of pesticide distribution, sale, and use. All pesticides distributed or sold in the United States must be registered (licensed) by EPA. Before EPA may register a pesticide under FIFRA, the applicant must show, among other things, that using the pesticide according to specifications "will not generally cause unreasonable adverse effects on the environment.''6
7125171639Federal Water Pollution Control Actwas what the Clean water Act was initially referred to as. is the principle law governing pollution control and water quality of the Nation's waterways. The object of the CWA is to restore and maintain the chemical, physical and biological integrity of the Nation's waters7
7125171640Fish and Wildlife Conservation Actapproved September 29, 1980, authorizes financial and technical assistance to the States for the development, revision, and implementation of conservation plans and programs for nongame fish and wildlife.8
7125171641Kyoto Protocolis an international agreement struck by 159 nations attending the Third Conference of Parties (COP) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (held in December of 1997 in Kyoto, Japan) to reduce worldwide emissions of greenhouse gases.9
7125171642Law of the Sea Conventionis the international agreement that resulted from the third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS III), which took place between 1973 and 1982. The Law of the Sea Convention defines the rights and responsibilities of nations with respect to their use of the world's oceans, establishing guidelines for businesses, the environment, and the management of marine natural resources.10
7125171643Marine Plastic Pollution Research and Control Actapplies to ship-generated garbage, and it aims to reduce the amount of garbage—both plastics and other persistent wastes—that ships dump into the oceans. It also prohibits all ships from dumping plastics into the sea.11
7125171644Montreal Protocolis the international treaty governing the protection of stratospheric ozone. The Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer and its amendments control the phaseout of ODS production and use. Under the Montreal Protocol, several international organizations report on the science of ozone depletion, implement projects to help move away from ODS, and provide a forum for policy discussions.12
7125171645National Environmental Policy Actrequires federal agencies to assess the environmental effects of their proposed actions prior to making decisions.Using the NEPA process, agencies evaluate the environmental and related social and economic effects of their proposed actions. Agencies also provide opportunities for public review and comment on those evaluations.13
7125171646Nuclear Waste Policy Actsupports the use of deep geologic repositories for the safe storage and/or disposal of radioactive waste. The Act establishes procedures to evaluate and select sites for geologic repositories and for the interaction of state and federal governments.14
7125171647Ocean Dumping Ban Actprohibits all municipal sewage sludge and industrial waste dumping into the ocean after December 31, 1991.15
7125171648Oil Pollution Actstreamlined and strengthened EPA's ability to prevent and respond to catastrophic oil spills. A trust fund financed by a tax on oil is available to clean up spills when the responsible party is incapable or unwilling to do so.16
7125171649Pollution Prevention Actfocused industry, government, and public attention on reducing the amount of pollution through cost-effective changes in production, operation, and raw materials use. Opportunities for source reduction are often not realized because of existing regulations, and the industrial resources required for compliance, focus on treatment and disposal.17
7125171650Resource Conservation and Recovery Actwas enacted by Congress in 1976 to address the huge volumes of municipal and industrial solid waste generated nationwide. This Act provides broad guidelines for the establishment of a national waste management program.18
7125171651Safe Drinking Water Actis the main federal law that ensures the quality of Americans' drinking water.Under SDWA, EPA sets standards for drinking water quality and oversees the states, localities, and water suppliers who implement those standards.19
7125171652Soil and Water Protection Actprovides the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) broad strategic assessment and planning authority for the conservation, protection, and enhancement of soil, water, and related natural resources.20
7125171653Solid Waste Disposal Actwas the first federal law that required environmentally sound methods for disposal of household, municipal, commercial, and industrial waste21
7125171654Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Actis the primary federal law that regulates the environmental effects of coal mining in the United States. SMCRA created two programs: one for regulating active coal mines and a second for reclaiming abandoned mine lands.22
7125171655Toxic Substances Control Actprovides EPA with authority to require reporting, record-keeping and testing requirements, and restrictions relating to chemical substances and/or mixtures. Certain substances are generally excluded from TSCA, including, among others, food, drugs, cosmetics and pesticides.23

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