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| 4963888687 | Mirarr Clan | Australian aboriginal clan that is fighting against the Jabiluka Uranium Mine being built due to fear or contamination of sacred and necessary land. | 0 | |
| 4963917465 | Culture | The ensemble of knowledge, beliefs, values, and learned ways of life shared by a group of people. | 1 | |
| 4963930174 | Worldview | Culture, together with personal experience, influences each person's perception of the world and his or her place within it. | 2 | |
| 4963949447 | How can ethics change people's points of view? | Support: Jobs, money, energy, economic growth Opposition: Destroyed land, pollution Worldviews affect peoples perception of what is important | 3 | |
| 4963969288 | Ethics | The study of good and bad, or right and wrong | 4 | |
| 4963978714 | Relativists | Believes that ethics do, and should, vary between people due to social context. | 5 | |
| 4963989203 | Universalists | Believes that there exist objective notions of right and wrong that hold across cultures and contexts. | 6 | |
| 4964004471 | Prescriptive Pursuit | How people should act | 7 | |
| 4964012526 | Instrumental Value | It's value depends on the benefits it brings us if we put it to use | 8 | |
| 4964014590 | Intrinsic Value | Something has the right to exist, and it has value because it exist. | 9 | |
| 4964036458 | Environmental Ethics | The application of ethical standards to relationships between people and nonhuman entities. | 10 | |
| 4964050630 | Anthropocentrism | People who have a human-centered view of our relationship with the environment (denies that nonhuman things have intrinsic value) | 11 | |
| 4964057817 | Biocentrism | Ascribes intrinsic value to certain living things of to the biotic realm in general (nonhuman life has an ethical standard) | 12 | |
| 4964062924 | Ecocentrism | Judges actions in terms of their benefit or harm to the integrity of whole ecological systems, which consist of living and nonliving elements and the relationships among them. (values the well being of entire species, communities, and ecosystems) | 13 | |
| 4964182769 | Transcendentalism | Viewed nature as a direct manifestation of the divine, emphasizing the souls oneness with nature and God. (Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau) | 14 | |
| 4964122408 | Preservation Ethic | We should protect the natural environment in a pristine, unaltered state. (Ex John Muir) | 15 | |
| 4964137595 | Conservation Ethic | People should put natural resources to use but that we have a responsibility to manage them wisely. (Ex Gifford Pinchot) | 16 | |
| 4964158750 | Land Ethic | Expands the ecological community to include soils, waters, plants, and animals. (Ex Aldo Leopold) | 17 | |
| 4964182770 | Ecofeminism | The male dominated structure of society which grants more power to men, is the root cause of both social and environmental problems. Female world views hold more interrelationships and cooperation. | 18 | |
| 4964227247 | Environmental Justice | The fair and equitable treatment of all people with respect to environmental policy and practice, regardless of their income, race, or ethnicity. (The enforcement of environmental laws that affect everyone) | 19 | |
| 4964251046 | How are companies involved in environmental justice? | Wealthier impose pollution on poorer by paying small companies to take waste. | 20 | |
| 4964271421 | How are economics and the environment intertwined? | Friction often occurs. Protection costs too much money, but it is good for the environment. Traditionally, economics ignores or underestimates the contribution of the environment on the economy. | 21 | |
| 4964289451 | Economics | The study of how people decide to use potentially scare resources to provide goods and services in the face of demand for them. | 22 | |
| 4964301503 | Economy | A social system that converts resources into goods and services. | 23 | |
| 4964311253 | Goods | Material commodities manufactures for and brought by individuals and businesses. | 24 | |
| 4964318608 | Services | Work done for others as a from of business. | 25 | |
| 4964330941 | Subsistence Economy | People meet most or all of their daily needs directly from nature and their own production. They live on what they gather and produce. (Ex. Alaskan Tribes) | 26 | |
| 4964334893 | Capitalist Market Economy | Interactions among buyers and sellers determines which goods and services are produced, how many are produced, and how these are produced and distributed. (Ex. United States) | 27 | |
| 4964337484 | Centrally Planned Economy | The government determines how to allocate resources. (Ex. China) | 28 | |
| 4964337485 | Mixed Economics | A hybrid systems of multiple economies. The government still intervenes with ALL economies. | 29 | |
| 4964406691 | How does the economy relies on the environment? | Ecosystem services replenish the natural resources (goods) that make our economic activity possible. | 30 | |
| 4964424484 | Adam Smith | Created the idea of an invisible hand guiding the market so that society benefits. This is blamed for economic inequality. | 31 | |
| 4964443204 | Neoclassical Economics | Examines the psychological factors contributing to customer choices, explaining market prices in terms of consumer preferences. (Ex. Bandwagon, advertising, and need vs want) | 32 | |
| 4964466740 | Supply | The amount of product offered for sale at a given price | 33 | |
| 4964466741 | Demand | The amount of product people will buy at a given price | 34 | |
| 4964488445 | Cost Benefit Analysis | The costs of actions are compared to the benefit of the results. It is controversial because not all costs can be identified or defined (inherit land), and it bias for economic development. | 35 | |
| 4964516376 | What are the aspects of neoclassical economics? | There are infinite resources and replacements can be found. Costs and benefits are internal and ignores the social and economic costs. A future event counts less than the present. Economic growth maintains social order. (Contains many cornocopian ideas) | 36 | |
| 4969205758 | Is growth good for us? | The dramatic rise in per-person consumption has severe environmental consequences. | 37 | |
| 4969205759 | What does growth stem from? Can growth go on forever? | Growth stems from an increase in inputs to the enconmy and improvements in efficiency of production due to technological advancements. We can not sustain growth forever, and current consumption predicts economic collapse. (See figure 6.16) | 38 | |
| 4969205760 | Affluenza | The way that consumption and material affluence often fails to bring people contentment. | 39 | |
| 4969205761 | Economic Growth | An increase in an economy's production and consumption of goods and services. | 40 | |
| 4969205762 | Positive Feedback Loop | The output causes more input. (Ex. Resource Extraction on both sides of figure 6.14) | 41 | |
| 4969205763 | Environmental Economics | Economic growth may be unsustainable if we do not reduce population growth and make resource use far more efficient. | 42 | |
| 4969205764 | Ecological Economics | Civilizations, like natural populations, cannot permanently overcome their environmental limitations and that we should not expect endless economic growth. | 43 | |
| 4969205765 | Steady-State Economics | Economies that neither grow nor shrink, but are stable. It is intended to mirror natural ecological systems. | 44 | |
| 4969205766 | John Stuart Mill | Hypothesized that as resources become harder to find and extract, economic growth would slow and eventually stabilize. (Steady-State Economy will form on its own) | 45 | |
| 4969205767 | Herman Daly | Not optimistic that a steady-state will evolve on its own from a capitalist market system, and believe that we need to fundamentally change the way we conduct economic transactions. | 46 | |
| 4969205768 | Gross Domestic Product (GDP) | The total monetary value of final goods and services. It does not account for nonmarket value and includes natural disaters as good because it creates jobs. | 47 | |
| 4969205769 | Genuine Process Indicator (GPI) | An alternative to GDP, it differentiates good and bad economic activity. Negative impacts are subtracted while non-profit organizations economic activity is added. | 48 | |
| 4969205770 | Nonmarket Value | Values not usually included in the price of a good or service (Ex. Ecosystem services, cultural benefits, and spiritual benefits) | 49 | |
| 4969205771 | Contingent Value | How much people are willing to pay to protect or restore a resource. It measures people's expressed preference, which tends to be inflated because people don't have to actually pay it. | 50 | |
| 4969205772 | Net Economic Welfare (NEW) | Adjusts GDP by adding the value of leisure time and personal transactions while dedudcting costs of environmental degradation. | 51 | |
| 4969205773 | Human Developement Index (HDI) | Assesses a nation's standard of living, life expectancy, and education. | 52 | |
| 4969205774 | Index of Sustainable Economic Welfare (ISEW) | Takes economic stability into account | 53 | |
| 4969205775 | What did the NEW, HDI, and ISEW help create? | GPI, which provides a more accurate portrait of a nation's wealth | 54 | |
| 4989866290 | Is the value of land underestimated? | Yes! Many ignore or underestimate the valuable the ecosystem (nonmarket value). The total global economic value is $46 trillion, more than the GDP of every nation combined. Protecting the land gives it 100 times more value than using it. (Ex. Figure 6.20) | 55 | |
| 4989866291 | When does market failure happen? How can it be prevented? | It happens when the market ignores environmental impacts and the negative affects of activities on the environment. Government intervention helps prevent it with laws and regulations. (Ex. Green taxes penalize harmful activities) | 56 | |
| 4989866292 | Ecolabeling | Tells which brands use environmentally benign processes. (Ex. Dolphin safe tuna and organic food) This gives business an incentive to change. Businesses make more money by greening their operation due to an expanding market. | 57 | |
| 4989866293 | How can businesses green their companies? | Donating portions to environmental and progressive non-profit groups, recycling, and helping local small businesses. | 58 | |
| 4989866294 | Greenwashing | Consumers are misled into thinking that companies are acting more sustainably than they are. (Ex. Pure bottled water) | 59 | |
| 4989866295 | How can consumers help? | Any change made by large companies helps. Consumers must support and encourage sustainable companies. Consumers can express their ethical values through the economic system in which we live. | 60 | |
| 5077196399 | Ed O. Wilson | Stated that biodiversity is a non-renewable resource because extinction is perminate. | 61 | |
| 5077205713 | What are some problems with our oceans? | Acidic, Garbage, Oil spills, and Overfishing | 62 |
