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| 6779597276 | Undernutrition | Not consuming enough calories to be healthy. |  | 0 |
| 6779597277 | Malnourished | (3 billion, 1/2 of population). Having a diet that lacks the correct balance of proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals; Regardless of calories, |  | 1 |
| 6779597278 | Food Security | - Condition in which people have access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs for an active and healthy life. |  | 2 |
| 6779597279 | Food Insecurity | Refers to the condition in which people do not have adequate access to food. |  | 3 |
| 6779597280 | Famine | Condition in which food insecurity is so extreme that large #'s of deaths occur in a given area over a relatively short period. |  | 4 |
| 6779597281 | Anemia | - Iron deficiency; is the most widespread nutritional deficiency in the world. (Est. 3 billion); caused by lack of iron in food, also AIDS, malaria and parasite infestations |  | 5 |
| 6779597282 | Overnutrition | The ingestion of too many calories and improper foods, which causes a person to become overweight (Est. 1 billion). |  | 6 |
| 6779597283 | Meat | 2nd largest component of the human diet is usually defined as livestock and poultry. |  | 7 |
| 6779597284 | Industrial Agriculture | Same as Agribusiness; is a form of modern farming that refers to the industrialized production of livestock, poultry, fish, and crops. Applies the techniques of the Industrial Revolution - Mechanization and standardization - to the production of food. |  | 8 |
| 6779597285 | Agribusiness | Same as Industrial Agriculture; agriculture conducted on commercial principles, especially using advanced technology. |  | 9 |
| 6779597286 | Energy subsidy | Energy input per calorie of food produced. (5 calories of energy for food input, even if you get 1 calorie in return, the subsidy is still 5.) Small scale agriculture uses less energy. |  | 10 |
| 6779597287 | Green Revolution | A shift in agricultural practices in the 20th century that included new management techniques and mechanization as well as the triad of fertilization, irrigation and improved crop varieties. These changes increased food production drastically. |  | 11 |
| 6779597288 | Economics of scale | Average costs of production fall as the output increases. |  | 12 |
| 6779597289 | Waterlogging | When soil remains under water for prolonged periods and impairs root growth because roots can't get oxygen. |  | 13 |
| 6779597290 | Salinization | Occurs when the small amounts of salts in irrigation water become highly concentrated on the soil surface through evaporation. Can reach toxic levels and impede plant growth. |  | 14 |
| 6779597291 | Organic Fertilizers | Composed of organic matter from plants and animals, naturally occurring. Manure, etc. Agriculture removes organic matter and nutrients so fertilizer replaces the nutrient levels to help with crop growth. |  | 15 |
| 6779597292 | Synthetic Fertilizers | Same as inorganic fertilizer; Produced commercially. Nitrogen fertilizers are often made by combusting natural gas. |  | 16 |
| 6779597293 | Inorganic Fertilizers | Same as synthetic fertilizer; Composed of simple chemicals and minerals; good but can take a lot of energy to produce (like Nitrogen fertilizers) | 17 | |
| 6779597294 | Monocropping | Dominant agricultural practice in the U.S. Where large patches of land grow only one kind of crop. (like wheat and cotton); it has improved agricultural productivity but leads to soil degredation |  | 18 |
| 6779597295 | Pesticides | Substances, either natural or synthetic, that kill or control pests. |  | 19 |
| 6779597296 | Insecticides | Pesticides that target species of insects and other invertebrates that eat crops. |  | 20 |
| 6779597297 | Herbicides | Pesticides that target plant species that compete with crops. |  | 21 |
| 6779597298 | Broad-Spectrum pesticides | Pesticides that kill many different pests. | 22 | |
| 6779597299 | Selective Pesticides | Pesticides that target a narrow range of organisms. | 23 | |
| 6779597300 | Persistent pesticide | Pesticides that remain in the environment for a long time; ex. DDT | 24 | |
| 6779597301 | Non-perisistent pesticide | Breakdown rapidly; ex. Roundup | 25 | |
| 6779597302 | Pesticide resistance | Those individuals who survive the pesticide | 26 | |
| 6779597303 | Pesticide Treadmill | A positive feedback pesticide cycle; Pesticide Development -> Survivors/Immune -> more pesticides developed. |  | 27 |
| 6779597304 | Conventional Agriculture | Industrial agriculture that has been so successful in reducing labor inputs and has become very widespread. |  | 28 |
| 6779597305 | Shifting Agriculture | Clearing land and using it for only a few years until the soil is depleted of nutrients. |  | 29 |
| 6779597306 | Desertification | Transformation of arable, productive land to desert or non productive land due to climate change or destructive land use; unsustainable farming practices; happening most rapidly in Sahara, Africa, northern China |  | 30 |
| 6779597307 | Nomadic Grazing | Move herds of animals to seasonally to productive grounds to feed. |  | 31 |
| 6779597308 | Sustainable Agriculture | Fulfills the need for food and fiber while enhancing the quality of soil, minimizing the use of nonrenewable resources and allowing economic viability for the farmer. |  | 32 |
| 6779597309 | Intercropping | 2 or more crop species are planted in the same field at the same time to promote a synergistic interaction between them. Ex. corn needing lots of nitrogen is planed with peas that produce nitrogen. |  | 33 |
| 6779597310 | Crop Rotation | Moving crops around to help keep nutrient levels high throughout the years; produces same effect as intercropping. Ex. peas planted leaving nitrogen, then corn planted which needs lots of nitrogen |  | 34 |
| 6779597311 | Agroforestry | Intercropping trees with vegetables allows vegetation of different heights to act a windbreaks and catch soil. |  | 35 |
| 6779597312 | Contour Plowing | Plowing and harvesting parallel to the topographic contours of the land helps prevent erosion by water. |  | 36 |
| 6779597313 | No-Till Agriculture | Agricultural method in which farmers do not turn said between seasons; avoid soil degradation / erosion that comes with conventional agricultural techniques. |  | 37 |
| 6779597314 | Integrated Pest Management (IPM) | An agricultural practice that uses a variety of techniques designed to minimize pesticide outputs; Ex. crop rotation + intercropping + pest resistant crops... |  | 38 |
| 6779597315 | Organic Agriculture | Production of crops without the use of synthetic pesticides or fertilizers. |  | 39 |
| 6779597316 | Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFO) | A large indoor or outdoor structures designed for maximum output. |  | 40 |
| 6779597317 | Fishery | Commercially harvestable population of fish within an ecological region. |  | 41 |
| 6779597318 | Fishery Collapse | Decline of a fish population by at least 90% | 42 | |
| 6779597319 | Bycatch | Unintentional Catches. Significantly reduced population of fish species such as sharks, sea turtles and endangered other organisms. |  | 43 |
| 6779597320 | Individual Transferable Quotas (ITQs) | Fishery managers establish a total allowable catch and distribute quotas to individual fishers or companies; has been effective in New Zealand to control overfishing | 44 | |
| 6779597321 | Aquaculture | Farmings of aquatic organisms like shellfish, fish or seaweed; ex. US catfish, trout, shrimp and salmon raised this way. |  | 45 |
| 6779597322 | Annual plant | These plants typically are planted in the spring and summer months, bloom for the season, and then die. |  | 46 |
| 6779597323 | Perennial plant | Plant that continues to grow year after year after remaining dormant throughout the winter. |  | 47 |
