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| 166676904 | Gregorio Vasari | 16th century painter, architecht, writer Coined the term "Renaissance" | |
| 166676905 | Popolo | Urban underclass in Italy in 12th and 13th centuries | |
| 166676906 | Ciompi Revolt | 1378, Florence Popolo revoltedagainst the government because they were dissatisfied with the political and economic orders | |
| 166676907 | Florence, Milan, Venice | dominant city states in the north of Italy | |
| 166676908 | Papal States | domininant city states in central Italy | |
| 166676909 | Kingdom of Naples | dominant state in southern Italy | |
| 166676910 | Humanism | program of study based on the classics | |
| 166676911 | Petrarch | father of humanism coined the term "Dark Ages" Very interested in the classics | |
| 166676912 | Civic humanists | Classical education for public good Diplomats in Florence | |
| 166676913 | Plato | Had important ideas used by Renaissance scholars Belief that truth/beauty exist beyond our ability to recognize them | |
| 166676914 | Pico della Mirandola | Wrote famous Renaissance passage, "Oration of the Dignity of Man" | |
| 166676915 | Castiglione | Wrote "The Courtier" which describes the ideal Renaissance man who should be knowledgeable in the classics, several languages, and the arts | |
| 166676916 | Lorenzo Valla | Lit crit, language analysis Determined that the Denotion of Constantine could not have been written by constantine | |
| 166676917 | Leonardo Bruni | humanist scholar created educational program for women | |
| 166676918 | Christine de Pisan | Female who received a fine humanist education Wrote "The City of Ladies" which countered the idea that women were incapable of making moral choices | |
| 166689419 | single point perspective | style in the Renaissance in which all elements within a painting converge at a single point in the distance Makes paintings more realistic | |
| 166689420 | Brunelleschi | built dome over Cathedral of Florence, which was the first dome to be created in western Europe since the collapse of the Roman Empire | |
| 166689421 | Julius II | pope who was very interested in the arts Michelangelo's great patron | |
| 166689422 | Leonardo da Vinci | Ideal Renaissance man architecht, engineer, sculptor, scientist, inventor, artist | |
| 166689423 | Raphael | made painting, The School of Athens, in which he linked own times with classical past | |
| 166689424 | Michelangelo | scultural masterpiece: David Decorated Sistine Chapel | |
| 167150109 | Magna Carta | the royal charter of political rights given to rebellious English barons by King John in 1215 | |
| 167150110 | Thomas Aquinas | Italian theologian and Doctor of the Church who is remembered for his attempt to reconcile faith and reason in a comprehensive theology | |
| 167150111 | Unam Sanctam | Papal Bull issued in 1302 asserting papal supremacy over temporal rulers | |
| 167150112 | Virtu | Renaissance quality of being a man | |
| 167150113 | Condottieri | Mercenary captains in warfare during the Renaissance period | |
| 167150114 | The Prince | emancipation of politics from theology and morality written by Machiavelli | |
| 167150115 | Peace of Augsburg | Each ruler decides the religion within his state | |
| 167150116 | Council of Trent | part of counterreformation Catholic theology reaffirmed discipline/education strengthened | |
| 167150117 | Council of Constance | the council in 1414-1418 that succeeded in ending the Great Schism in the Roman Catholic Church | |
| 167150118 | Pragmatic Sanction | act passed by Charles VI that stated that Hapsburg possessions were never to be divided, in order to allow his daughter, Maria Theresa to be ruler | |
| 167150119 | John Huss | Bohemian reformer burned at the stake precursor to Reformation | |
| 167743006 | Cesare Borgia | younger son of Pope Alexander VI, prototype of Niccolò Machiavelli's Prince —intelligent, cruel, treacherous, and ruthlessly opportunistic | |
| 167743007 | Cosimo de Medici | in 1443 he took control of the Florence. family ran the government from behind the scenes using wealth and personal influence | |
| 167743008 | Henry VIII | His divorce from Catherine of Aragon led him to break off from the Catholic Church and form the Church of England | |
| 167743009 | Elizabeth I | Daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn Restored Protestantism to England Led England in defeating Spanish Armada | |
| 167743010 | Dante | Italian poet famous for writing the Divine Comedy that describes a journey through hell and purgatory and paradise guided by Virgil | |
| 167743011 | John Knox | Founded Presbyterianism in Scotland | |
| 167743012 | Erasmus | Dutch humanist/theologian leading Renaissance scholar of northern Europe Criticized the Church but condemned Luther | |
| 167743013 | Henry VII | first Tudor king that worked to establish a strong monarchical government and ended the private wars of nobles in England. | |
| 167743014 | Hapsburgs | This was the royal dynasty of Austria that ruled over a vast part of Central Europe while battling with the Turks over Hungary | |
| 167743015 | Charles V | Holy Roman Emperor (and king of Spain) called for the Diet of Worms. supporter of Catholicism, use of Counter-Reformation | |
| 167743016 | Paul III | called the Council of Trent, approved Jesuit order | |
| 167743017 | Ignatius Loyola | Founded the Jesuits wrote Spiritual Exercises. | |
| 167743018 | Francis I | French king who reached an agreement with Pope Leo X and allowed the French king to select French bishops and abbots | |
| 167743019 | Ferdinand and Isabella | United Castile and Aragon |
