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| 5697403419 | Agricultural Revolution | The unprecedented increase in agricultural production in Britain due to increases in labour and land productivity between the mid-17th and late 19th centuries. | 0 | |
| 5697403420 | Open Field System | system of farming that divided the land to be cultivated by the peasants of a given village into several large fields, which were in turn cut up into long, narrow strips-fields open and not enclosed into small plots by fences or hedges-large field as community-same pattern of plowing, sowing, and harvesting | 1 | |
| 5697403422 | Charles 'Turnip' Townsend (2nd Viscount Townsend) | (1674-1738), one of the pioneers of English agricultural improvement, joining the change from organic farming to energy-intensive farming. The 1st Viscount Townsend grew turnips in the sandy soil of his farms in Norfolk. Draining extensively, manuring heavily, and sowing crops in regular rotation without fallowing, the farmers who used Townsend's lands and methods produced larger crops. | 2 | |
| 5697403423 | Crop Rotation | The practice of rotating use of different fields from crop to crop each year, to avoid exhausting the soil. | 3 | |
| 5697403424 | Jethro Tull | English inventor advocated the use of horses instead of oxen. Improved the seed drill. | 4 | |
| 5697403425 | Seed Drill | horse-drawn machine that sowed seeds in multiple rows and covered them | 5 | |
| 5697403428 | Enclosure Movement | The process of consolidating small landholdings into a smaller number of larger farms in England during the eighteenth century for greater efficiency. | 6 | |
| 5697403429 | Corn Laws | From 1815 these British laws imposed tariffs on imported grain, keeping prices high to benefit Parliament's landowners. Repealed in 1846 at the start of the Irish Famine. | 7 | |
| 5697403430 | Population Explosion | the rapid growth of the world's human population during the past century | 8 | |
| 5697403431 | Proto-Industrialization | preliminary shift away from an agricultural economy; workers became full- or part-time producers who worked at home in a capitalist system in which materials, work, orders, and sales depended on urban merchants; prelude to the Industrial revolution | 9 | |
| 5697403432 | Cottage Industry | small-scale industry that can be carried on at home by family members using their own equipment | 10 | |
| 5697403437 | Mercantilism | An 18th century European economic system to increase a nation's wealth by government regulation of all of the nation's commercial interests | 11 | |
| 5697403438 | Atlantic economy | English merchants believed in upholding private interests of the people and the central state. Led to Navigation Acts. | 12 | |
| 5697403439 | Sugar | The Caribbean was the world's largest supplier of sugar and the demand for slaves to work the plantations was high. By the 1780s it was one-fifth of all European imports. | 13 | |
| 5697403440 | bullionism | nation's policy of accumulating as much precious metal as possible while preventing its outward flow to other countries | 14 | |
| 5697403441 | bank of England | the central bank of England and Wales | 15 | |
| 5697403443 | navigation acts | Laws that governed trade between England and its colonies. Colonists were required to ship certain products exclusively to England. These acts made colonists very angry because they were forbidden from trading with other countries. | 16 | |
| 5697403444 | Triangular Trade | A three way system of trade during 1600-1800s Aferica sent slaves to America, America sent Raw Materials to Europe, and Europe sent Guns and Rum to Africa | 17 | |
| 5697403445 | Dutch republic | United Provinces of the Netherlands-1st half of 17th century was golden age-govt. consisted of organized confederation of 7 provinces each w/ rep. govt. | 18 | |
| 5697403447 | slave trade | European trade agreement with Africa dealing with slaves brought from Africa. Integral part of Triangle Trade between the Americas, Africa, and Europe. | 19 | |
| 5697403448 | middle passage | the route in between the western ports of Africa to the Caribbean and southern U.S. that carried the slave trade | 20 | |
| 5697403451 | war of Spanish succession | This was the war between France and Spain in order to unite the two states under one ruler, Philip V | 21 | |
| 5697403452 | Treaty of Utrecht | 1713, ended War of Spanish Succession between Louis XIV's France and the rest of Europe; prohibited joining of French and Spanish crowns; ended French expansionist policy; ended golden age of Spain; vastly expanded British Empire | 22 | |
| 5697403454 | Seven Years War | Fought both in continental Europe and also in overseas colonies between 1756 and 1763; resulted in Prussian seizures of land from Austria, English seizures of colonies in India and North America | 23 | |
| 5697403455 | treaty of paris | This treaty ended the Seven Years War | 24 | |
| 5697403457 | creoles | descendents of Spanish-born BUT born in Latin America; resented inferior social, political, economic status | 25 | |
| 5697403458 | mestizos | A person of mixed Native American and European ancestory | 26 |
