Terms : Hide Images
| 103894368 | Absolutist State | king claims to rule b/c has divine right, king controls every aspect of life except lack financial and military resources and technology | |
| 103894369 | Administrative Monarchy | The French state in the 17th century became stronger in that it could achieve more of its goals, it was centralized from Paris and its administrative bureaucracy greatly expanded. AKA an absolute monarchy. | |
| 103894370 | Totalitarianism | a form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator (not restricted by a constitution or laws or opposition etc.) | |
| 103894371 | Henry IV | first Bourbon king-most important kings in French history-rise to power ended French Civil Wars-gradual course to absolutism-politique-converted to Catholicism to gain loyalty of Paris | |
| 103894372 | Maximilien de Bethune (Duke of Sully) | Henry IV's devout protestant chief minister, combined indirect taxes on salt, sales, transit an leased their collection to financiers, revenues increased b/c of revival of trade, paid for the Company for Trade with the Indies, restored public order in France, laid foundations of eco prosperity | |
| 103894373 | Paulette | A French tax on officeholders in the government, which provided about 1/3 of the royal income. It was initially implemented by Henry IV to demonstrate his power over nobility, but became useful in a more practical sense later on. | |
| 103894374 | Marie de Medici | mother of Louis XII who became a regent until he was of age to rule France and ruled three years after he was of age | |
| 103894375 | Armand Jean du Plessis | French prelate and statesman, the real name of Richelieu | |
| 103894376 | Generalites | 32 districts of France during Richelieu's time, each supervised by intendant | |
| 103894377 | Nobility blesse de robe | new nobles who purchased their titles from the monarchy, became high officials in govt. and remained loyal to king | |
| 103894378 | Law of Concord | Edict of Nantes; granted religous toleration to Protestants. | |
| 103894379 | La Rochelle | It is a city in France, which belonged to the Huguenots. Its importance grew after the colonisation because it became a significant Atlantic port, Richelieu sieged the city and took away the privileges of the Huguenots. | |
| 103894380 | Raison d'etat | political theory articulated by French statesmen Richelieu (1585-1642) that holds that the interests and needs of the state may take precedence over traditional moral and international law. | |
| 103894381 | Fronde | A series of civil wars in France by nobles against Louis XIV's and Mazarin's authority; they were unable to overthrow Mazarin. | |
| 103894382 | Frondeur | rebellious participants in the Fronde | |
| 103894383 | Cardinal Mazarin | Successor of Cardinal Richelieu and his bad attempts to increase royal revenue and the state lead to the Fronde | |
| 103894384 | Grand Century or Age of Magnificence | Second half of the 17th century | |
| 103894385 | Voltaire | French, perhaps greatest Enlightenment thinker. Deist. Mixed glorification and reason with an appeal for better individuals and institutions. Wrote Candide. Believed enlightened despot best form of government. | |
| 103894386 | Anne of Austria | wife of Louis XIII, her son was Louis XIV. Entered a relationship with Mazarin. | |
| 103894387 | Canal de Deux Mers | Connected the Atlantic to the Mediterranean Sea | |
| 103894388 | Versailles | a palace built in the 17th century for Louis XIV southwest of Paris near the city of Versailles, used to manipulate nobles | |
| 103894389 | Hall of Mirrors | most famous room in Versailles, on one end is peace room, and the other side is the war room, 17 mirrors face 17 windows | |
| 103894390 | Jean-Baptiste Colbert | Louis XIV's finance minister, supported mercantilism, wanted economic self-sufficiency for France | |
| 103894391 | Mercantilism | an economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought | |
| 103894392 | Jesuit Jacques Marquette | French Jesuit missionary and explorer; discovered lake eerie. | |
| 103894393 | Robert La Salle | Claimed the Mississippi River valley for France. | |
| 103894394 | Revocation of the Edict of Nantes | Campaign against Huguenots in order to unify France under Louis XIV. | |
| 103894395 | Madame de Maintenon | French consort of Louis XIV who secretly married the king after the death of his first wife (1635-1719) | |
| 103894396 | French Classicism | The style in seventeenth-century art and literature resembling the arts in the ancient world and in the Renaissance-e.g., the works of Poussin, Moliere, and Racine. | |
| 103894397 | Moliere | French classicist playwright who produced popular comedies that exposed the hypocrisies and follies of society. | |
| 103894398 | Jean Racine | French advocate of Jansenism, a French Dramatist, one of the "big three" of 17th century France (along with Moliere and Corneille), and one of the most important literary figures in the Western tradition. Racine was primarily a tragedian, though he did write one comedy | |
| 103894399 | Treaty of Pyrenees | marked end of Spain as great power-war between France and Spain continued for 11 years after 30 Yrs War | |
| 103894400 | Francois le Tellier (Louvois) | later Louvois, was appointed as secretary of state for war in 1666 in France by King Louis XIV. He created the first modern, professional, and organized army. He's significant because his creation allowed the army to grow in size, which led to winning every battle and war before 1704 at the Battle of Blenheim. | |
| 103894401 | Jean Martinet | was a French lieutenant-colonel and Inspector General, and one of the first great drill masters of modern times. Martinet served during the reign of Louis XIV and made way to French conquest in the Holy Roman Empire. He was a severe drillmaster, which made him unpopular among his troops. | |
| 103894402 | Claude Le Peletier | Colbert's successor as minister of finance; devalued the currency; sold offices; nobles and clergymen had to pay for the 1st time (the king, in return, gave them titles of nobility) | |
| 103894403 | War of Spanish Succession | This was the war between France and Spain in order to unite the two states under one ruler, Phillip V | |
| 103894404 | Philip of Anjou | grandson of Louis XIV who was granted the entire Spanish inheritance by Charles II and became Philip V of Spain. His grandfather's domineering actions of invasion as a result caused the War of the Spanish Succession | |
| 103894405 | Peace of Utrecht | Ended Louis XIV's attempts to gain military power and land. Marked the end of French expansionist policy. Ended the War of Spanish Succession. | |
| 103894406 | Servicios | Spanish national taxes of the 16th under absolute monarchy. | |
| 103894407 | Olivares | Spanish administrator who devised many new sources of revenue, for Spain, but resisted reform and clung to the ideas of imperialism. | |
| 103894408 | Treaty of Pyrenees | marked end of Spain as great power-war between France and Spain continued for 11 years after 30 Yrs War | |
| 103894409 | Don Quixote | The main character in Miguel de Cervantes' book about the changing times in the early 1600's. He was a man who did not like how the Middle Ages were ending and people were becoming more materialistic, so he set of to become a knight and bring back chivalry to Spain | |
| 103894410 | Constitutionalism | The theory developed in early modern England and spread elsewhere that royal power should be subject to legal and legislative checks. | |
| 103894411 | James Stuart/James I | the first Stuart to be king of England and Ireland from 1603 to 1925 and king of Scotland from 1567 to 1625, he was the son of Mary Queen of Scots and he succeeded Elizabeth I; he alienated the British Parliament by claiming the divine right of kings (1566-1625) | |
| 103894412 | The Trew Law of Free Monarchy | text written by James I promoting absolute rule | |
| 103894413 | House of Commons | one of the houses of Parliament including wealthy landowners and rich business leaders that represent the middle class and are elected to office | |
| 103894414 | Puritans | Protestant sect in England hoping to "purify" the Anglican church of Roman Catholic traces in practice and organization. | |
| 103894415 | Protestant Ethic | belief stressing hard work and self-discipline | |
| 103894416 | Long Parliament | This Parliament met for 13 years from 1640-1653 and chose not to implement the taxes that Charles II wanted to defend England against the Scots. This was mostly because they agreed with the Scot's negative opinion of Laud's religious changes and disagreed with the king on many issues. This powerful parliament also executed Charles's chief advisory, the Earl of Strafford. | |
| 103894417 | Triennial Act | An Act of Parliament reluctantly agreed to by Charles I (who said it reduced his sovereign powers) which stated that there had to be a parliament of at least 50 days duration every three years. | |
| 103894418 | Interregnum | period between two successive reigns or governments | |
| 103894419 | Leviathan--Thomas Hobbes | Written by English philosopher Thomas Hobbes, maintained that sovereignty is ultimately derived from the people, who transfer it to the monarchy by implicit contract. | |
| 103894420 | Republican Government of England | the change to a republic after absolutism; administered after Charles I | |
| 103894421 | Oliver Cromwell | English military, political, and religious figure who led the Parliamentarian victory in the English Civil War (1642-1649) and called for the execution of Charles I. As lord protector of England (1653-1658) he ruled as a virtual dictator. | |
| 103894422 | New Model Army | The disciplined fighting force of Protestants led by Oliver Cromwell in the English Civil War. | |
| 103894423 | Siege of Drogheda | Irish town where the 7,000 inhabitants were slaughtered by Cromwell's invading army. Sparked the English Protestant rule of Ireland for the next centuries, as well as the unrest that still holds today. | |
| 103894424 | Navigation Act of 1651 | prohibited Dutch merchants from the colonial trade and gave English traders a monopoly by requiring that goods importated into England or its American settlements be carried on English ships. | |
| 103894425 | Test Act of 1673 | This law made it so that all officeholders had to take Communion in the Church of England. It prevented Catholics from holding office or being in the army or navy. | |
| 103894426 | William Penn | Penn, an English Quaker, founded Pennsylvania in 1682, after receiving a charter from King Charles II the year before. He launched the colony as a "holy experiment" based on religious tolerance. | |
| 103894427 | Cabal | Precursor to the English parliament, named after the members' last initials | |
| 103894428 | William and Mary | King and Queen of England in 1688. With them, King James' Catholic reign ended. As they were Protestant, the Puritans were pleased because only protestants could be office-holders. He was William of Orange. | |
| 103894429 | Glorious Revolution | A reference to the political events of 1688-1689, when James II abdicated his throne and was replaced by his daughter Mary and her husband, Prince William of Orange. A bloodless revolution. | |
| 103894430 | English Bill of Rights | King William and Queen Mary accepted this document in 1689. It guaranteed certain rights to English citizens and declared that elections for Parliament would happen frequently. By accepting this document, they supported a limited monarchy, a system in which they shared their power with Parliament and the people. | |
| 103894431 | Second Treatise of Civil Government | government based on consent of governed; individuals had natural rights (life, liberty, property); people had right to overthrow government, work published by John Locke | |
| 103894432 | Cabinet System | leading ministers who were members of House of Commons and had support of majority of members, made common policy and conducted the business of the country | |
| 103894433 | Sir Robert Walpole | Englishman and Whig statesman who (under George I) was effectively the first British prime minister (1676-1745) | |
| 103894434 | Prime Minister | official who heads the government in a parliamentary democracy | |
| 103894435 | (Dutch) Stadholder | A governor of provinces in the Dutch United Provinces. | |
| 103894436 | Dutch East India Company | Government-chartered joint-stock company that controlled the spice trade in the East Indies until the British came and took over |
