Terms : Hide Images
| 11330139157 | Enlightened Absolutism | Depotism / Absolutism which used enlightenment principles | 0 | |
| 11330177818 | Natural Laws | laws that govern human nature | 1 | |
| 11330177819 | Natural Rights | inalterable priveleges that ought not to be withheld from any person e.g equality before law, freedom of religious worship, freedom of speech and press, right to assemble, hold property, seek happiness | 2 | |
| 11330236277 | Louis XV | Lazy and weak ruler that allowed ministers and mistresses to influence him, lost the overseas empire in the Seven Years' War, gave burdensome taxes, increased French debt | 3 | |
| 11330280591 | Cardinal Fleury | Chief minister, tried to solve France's financial problems but didn't because France entered the War of Austrian Succesion | 4 | |
| 11330324069 | Madame de Pompadour | charmed Louis XV and gained both wealth and power, often made important government decisions and gave advice appointments and foreign policy | 5 | |
| 11330353689 | Louis XVI | knew little about the operations of the French government and lacked the energy to deal decisively with state affairs, his wife was a spoiled Austrian princess, increased France's financial crisis | 6 | |
| 11330383338 | Marie Antoinette | wife of Louis XVI, was a spoiled Austrian princess, devoted much of her time to court intrigues, later became the Queen of France | 7 | |
| 11330444100 | the United Kingdom of Great Britain | what the name was for the two merged governments of England and Scotland | 8 | |
| 11330447313 | "pocket boroughs" | many pieces of small lands or boroughs controlled by one person, support through patronage and bribery ("in the pocket") | 9 | |
| 11330484765 | Patronage | the giving of money to support/push a cause forward | 10 | |
| 11330529683 | Hanoverian Dynasty | the dynasty that took over after the stuart dynasty, includes George I, George II and George III | 11 | |
| 11330529701 | George I | the first Hanoverian king, did not speak English, was not familiar with the British parliament system | 12 | |
| 11330534440 | George II | the second Hanoverian king, was not familiar with the British parliament system | 13 | |
| 11330534441 | George III | the third Hanoverian king, dismissed Pitt the Elder and replace him with Lord Bute | 14 | |
| 11385829570 | Robert Walpole | served as prime minsiter from 1721 to 1742 and pursued a peaceful foreign policy to avoid new land taxes | 15 | |
| 11385831930 | Pitt the Elder | furthered imperial ambitions by aquiring Canada and India in the Seven Years' War | 16 | |
| 11385866820 | Patriots v. the Orangists | Dutch burghers (artisans, merchants, shopkeepers) vs the House of Orange, the Dutch burghers agitated for democratic reforms that would open up municipal councils to greater participation than that of oligarchs | 17 | |
| 11385929179 | Frederick William I | promoted the evolution of Prussia's highly efficient civil bureaucracy by establishing the General Directory | 18 | |
| 11386430083 | Junkers | the nobility / landed aristocracy, had a owned large estates with many serfs and played a dominating role in the Prussian state. Held a complete monopoly over the officer corps of the Prussian army | 19 | |
| 11386502211 | Prussian militarism | extreme exaltation of military virtues | 20 | |
| 11386509303 | Frederick II the Great | known as the Great, was oneof the best-educated and most cultured monarchs of the eighteenth century, well versed in Enlightenment though, was quite willing to follow philosophes' recommendations for reform | 21 | |
| 11386509304 | Silesia | the part of Austria that Frederick the Great captured, started the War of Austrian Succession | 22 | |
| 11386511566 | Maria Theresa | Empress of Austria, forced clergy to pay taxes, was staunchly catholic, was the mother to Joseph II | 23 | |
| 11386511567 | Joseph II | continued to enhance Habsburg power within the monarchy and Europe, abolished serfdom, tried to give peasants hereditary rights to their holdings, he repealed the death penalty, and established the principle of equality of all before the law. Also introduced drastic religious reforms. | 24 | |
| 11386770829 | Catherine II the Great | Queen of Russia, wanted to reform Russia with Enlightenment ideas, questioned serfdom, torture, and capital punishment in her "Instruction", advocated for equality of all people in the eyes of the law | 25 | |
| 11386773601 | Serfs | Workers who were tied to the land on which they lived | 26 | |
| 11386775373 | Emelyan Pugachev | illiterate Cossack, led the discontent people to mass revolt against Russia, won the support of many peasants with his manifesto which freed all peasants from oppresive taxes and military service | 27 | |
| 11386775374 | Treaty of Kuchuk-Kainarji | This treaty led to the Russians gaining some land and the privilege of protecting Greek Orthodox christians in Ottoman Empire | 28 | |
| 11386778259 | Partitions of Poland | the dividing of Poland between Austria, Russia and Prussia | 29 | |
| 11386779797 | War of the Austrian Succession | This war was over the inheritance of the throne by Maria Theresa,various European powers agreed to recognize her as Charles VI's legal heir besides Prussia | 30 | |
| 11386789748 | Diplomatic Revolution | the time of changing alliances between the war of Austrian Succession and the Seven Years' War, France allied with Austria and Russia, while Prussia is allied with Great Britain, | 31 | |
| 11386789749 | Robert Clive | British general and statesman whose victory at Plassey in 1757 strengthened British control of India (1725-1774) | 32 | |
| 11386793295 | Seven Years' War | worldwide struggle between France and Great Britain for power and control of land, Considered as the first world war by some historians | 33 | |
| 11386793296 | French-Indian War | a war in North America between France and Britain (both aided by indian tribes) | 34 | |
| 11386796019 | Montcalm | the leader of the French forces in Quebec, but failed to win the battle against the British | 35 | |
| 11387646112 | Wolfe | led the British forces to victory against Montcalm | 36 | |
| 11387672742 | Treaty of Paris | forced the french to cede Canada and the lands east of the Mississippi to Britain, Spanish Florida was also transferred to British control and the French then gave their Louisiana territory to the Spanish | 37 | |
| 11387674908 | Scurvy and Yellow Fever | conditions of the naval ships were very repulsive, these diseases were rampant and constant | 38 | |
| 11387674909 | Primogeniture | system in which the eldest son received all of or the largest share of the parents' estate | 39 | |
| 11387684688 | infanticide | form of birth control in Europe during this time, many parents would kill their children or drop them off at foundling homes or hospitals | 40 | |
| 11423544404 | Coitus interruptus | pull-out method / withdrawal method | 41 | |
| 11387684689 | potatoes and maize | brought from America to Europe, became staples of food in Europe, took little effort to produce in high quantities | 42 | |
| 11388078938 | agricultural enclosures and enclosure acts | these acts allowed agricultural lands to be legally enclosed, many small farmers were forced to become wage laborers or tenant farmers working other farms | 43 | |
| 11388078966 | Bank of England | founded in 1694, did what other banks did, but also made loans, the bank was allowed to issue paper "banknotes" | 44 | |
| 11388082610 | "banknotes" | issued by banks, was a paper substitute for gold and silver | 45 | |
| 11388084664 | John Law's "bubble" | tried to create national bank and currency for France, people went overboard and the stock soared, bubble burst, and they went bankrupt, prevented the formation of a French national bank | 46 | |
| 11388084665 | the "putting-out" or "domestic system" | a merchant-capitalist entrepreneur bought the raw materials, mostly wool and flax and then "put them out" to rural workers, who spun the raw material into yarn and then wove it into cloth on simple looms | 47 | |
| 11388237732 | cottage industry | known as this because the spinner and weavers of cotton did their work inside their cottages | 48 | |
| 11388088452 | Richard Arkwright's "water frame" | powered by horse or water, which turned out yarn much faster than cottage spinning wheels. invented in response to the invention of the flying shuttle, which sped up the process of weaving on a loom. | 49 | |
| 11388088453 | Tithes | money or crops owed to parish priests, usually 1/3 of their crops | 50 | |
| 11388299876 | The Country House | a place of privacy and indulgence, aristocrats use as vacation, usually Georgian style, | 51 | |
| 11388299877 | Thomas Gainsborough | a British portrait and landscape painter, paintedThe Blue Boy | 52 | |
| 11388303039 | Grand Tour | a pilgrimage of aristocrats, wealthy and diplomatic persons to tour the important area of Europe to obtain the knowledge and classical culture. | 53 | |
| 11388303040 | Herculaneum and Pompeii | popular 18th century tourist attractions in Rome | 54 | |
| 11388306853 | Beggars | begged for money and or food | 55 | |
| 11388610309 | prostitutes | alternative to begging, exchaning sex for for charity and food | 56 | |
| 11388306854 | Balance of Power | the separation of power between several entities leading | 57 | |
| 11388309752 | Reason of State | the principle that a nation should become involved with the problem | 58 |
