Terms : Hide Images
| 161439384 | scientific method | Identifying a problem or question, forming a hypothesis, making observations, conducting experiments, interpreting results with mathematics, and drawing conclusions | |
| 161439385 | Nicolaus Copernicus | Discovered that the earth revolved around the sun instead of the other way around, and people were like WHOA. | |
| 161439386 | Galileo | Developed a powerful telescope which he used to observe Jupiters moons and our moon. He also confirmed Copernicus's theories | |
| 161439387 | Tycho Brahe | Built one of the earliest observatories and kept super awesome celestial observations. Also a fun fact that you don't have to know, but Tycho here died of a burst bladder. He was at a party and needed to relieve him self, but since there wasn't a bathroom the only option was to pee in a corner. But Tycho wouldn't hear of it, so he died. | |
| 161439388 | Kepler | Used Brahe's observations to prove that the planets move in elipses and used a lot of math | |
| 161439389 | Newton | Discovered the laws of Motion, Gravity and Inertia. He wrote about them in some cool books | |
| 161439390 | Empiricism | Inductive method of reasoning. Bacon liked it a lot.Basically You had to observe things to know them | |
| 161439391 | Rationalism | Deductive method of reasoning. Descartes liked it a lot. Basically you knew things because you could reason them. "I think therefor I am" | |
| 161439392 | Voltaire | He was considered the most brilliant and influential of the philosophes. Woot! He believed in tolerance, reason, limited government and free speech. Believed that monarchs should collaborate with philosophes | |
| 161439393 | Denis Diderot | Edited the first Encyclopedia, which no self respecting reformer would ever be caught without. | |
| 161439394 | Baron de Montesquieu | Wrote The Spirit of the Laws, and he was the first to talk about the seperation of powers. | |
| 161439395 | Rousseau AGAIN | The Social Contract. Tried to find the origin of society. Advocated progressive religion | |
| 161439396 | Deism | "natural religion" that rejected traditional Christianity and thought of God as impersonal, or a "clockmaker". This was one of the major religious changed that took place during the Enlightenment | |
| 161439397 | Political Theory of the Enlightenment? | John Locke and Rousseau believed that people were capable of governing themselves, but democracy wasn't particularly popular among philosphes. | |
| 161439398 | Adam Smith | Associated with "laissez faire" economics, which was pretty much capitalistic. Smith advocated free trade, free enterprise and the law of supply and demand. | |
| 161439399 | Essay Concerning Human Understanding | An essay by Locke that talked about how human theory evolves from experience and that a person has no preconceived notions. Since education was big part of this, society was the key to progress | |
| 161439400 | Madame de Geoffren and Louis de Warens | Self educated women who had salons with their husbands but weren't really very cool. | |
| 161439401 | Emile du Chatelet | Female aristocrat trained as a mathematician and physicist. Translated Newtons work from Latin to French. | |
| 161439402 | Lady Mary Montagu and Mary Wollstonecraft | Wrote about equal rights and education of women. | |
| 161439403 | Enlightened Despotism | Rulers who, though absolute, used their powers for good instead of evil. "everything for the people, nothing by the people". Include people like Frederick the Great (FTG!!!), Catherine the Great, and Joseph II | |
| 161439404 | American Revolution's Influence | Served as "shining beacon" to European countries itching for change. Inspired the French Revolution. Things like the 'rights of man" and "consent of the governed" influenced American Revolution, and were originally talked about in French salons. Also it proved that revolution could bring about good, permanent change instead of pointless bloodshed. | |
| 161439405 | King Louis XVI | He was very bad financially and got France into really bad debt because of 1) wars with England, 2) American Revolution, and 3) Versailles. SUmmoned the Assembly of Notables in hopes that they would raise taxes and have them (the nobles) pay taxes. HAHA yeah right. | |
| 161439406 | Abbe Sieyes | Wrote the pamphlet "What is the Third Estate?"; EVERYTHING. | |
| 161439407 | Tenis Court Oath | Where the National Assembly (previously the Third Estate) went after being locked out of the Estates General. It was here that they wrote France's constitution. | |
| 161439408 | National Assembly Accomplishments | 1) Secularization of Religion-confiscated church property to pay off national debt. 2) Governmental Reform- divided the country into 83 departments so that it was easier to govern. 3) Constitutional Changes- Transformed France into a constitutional monarchy. | |
| 161439409 | The Legislative Assembly | Reflected the different political factions of France and addressed the question of war. immediately followed the National Assembly. The declared war on Austria, but were defeated. | |
| 161439410 | Declaration of Pillnatz | Issued by Austria and Prussia, it wanted to restore the French monarchy. | |
| 161439411 | Brunswick Manifesto | Prussia and Austria threatened to destroy Paris if any harm came to royal family after angry mobs imprisoned them. | |
| 161439412 | The National Convention | Abolished monarchy and installed republicanism. Charged Louis XVI with treason and executed him and later his wife. | |
| 161439413 | Committee of Pubic Safety | Lead by Robespierre, it responded to the food shortages and economic problems by issuing a plan that would enable them to go to war with its enemies. Robespierre was eventually brought down by the fanaticism that surrounded this | |
| 161439414 | Law of the Maximum | The economic plan that would allow for France to go to total war with enemies | |
| 161439415 | Levee en Masse | When the entire nation was conscripted into service because war was the most important thing. | |
| 161439416 | Reign of Terror | The countries campaign against internal enemies. About 25,000 people died from various accusations against them. | |
| 161439417 | The Directory | A five member executive government. Wrote a new constitution that reserved voting for landowners only and the power rested in the middle class. | |
| 161439418 | Sans-culottes | In the French Revolution, a radical group made up of Parisian wage-earners, and small shopkeepers who wanted a greater voice in government, lower prices, and an end of food shortages | |
| 161439419 | The Jacobins | Radical urban people | |
| 161439420 | Girondins | Moderate rural bros | |
| 161439421 | Friedrich Con Gentz and Edmund Burke | Wrote "Reflections on the Revolution in France", which reflected negative views about it. | |
| 161439422 | Napoleon Bonaparte | Great French military leader who associated with the Jacobins in the course of the revolution. After the Directory lost credibility, Abbe Sieyes asked him to lead a Coup d'Etat to overthrow the Directory. Did a lot of stuff in France. Read on to find out more! | |
| 161439423 | Napoleons Domestic Reforms | 1) Strong central government and administrative unity, 2) religious unity, 3) financial unity, which focused on a balanced budget and rigid economy, 4) economic reform to stimulate the economy, 5) educational reforms that started public education | |
| 161439424 | Concordat of 1801 | Provided religious unity with the Roman Catholic Church | |
| 161439425 | Napoleonic Code | Provided clear legal unity in France | |
| 161439426 | Continental System | When Napoleon was like, "I'll only be your friend if you boycott British goods." | |
| 161439427 | Hundred Days | When Napoleon left Elba, his place of exhile, to seize control from Louis XVIII, who had replaced him. Butt, he was defeated at Waterloo so it was kinda lame. | |
| 161439428 | Congress of Vienna | Some cool dudes who met in 1814-1815 to sort things out after Napoleon messed up the geography of Europe. | |
| 161439429 | The Big Four | ENGLAND AUSTRIA RUSSIA AND PRUSSIA | |
| 161439430 | Metternich | Represented Austria at the CoV, and he was kinda a big deal. He was big on conservative reactionism. Didn't like chance. | |
| 161439431 | Castlereagh | Englands representative at the CoV, just wanted to balance out the areas surrounding France | |
| 161439432 | Tallyrand | French Foreign Minister who was not originally gonna be included, but then he had to help out Prussia and Russia sort out their differences. | |
| 161439433 | Principles of the Settlement | Legitimacy, Compensation and Balance of Power | |
| 161439434 | Quadruple Alliance | Russia, Prussia, Austria and England. Dude, it's the same as the Big Four. You got this. They threatened to arrest anyone who threatened the peace or balance of power | |
| 161439435 | What did one cannibal say to the other while they were eating a clown? | Does this taste funny to you? HAHAHAHA Laugh Break. | |
| 161439436 | Industrial Revolution | A process of economic change from an agricultural and commercial society into a modern industrial society.Robert Fulton | |
| 161439437 | Robert Fulton | Demonstrated the usefulness of the steamboat | |
| 161439438 | George Stephenson | Made the railway locomotive commercially successful | |
| 161439439 | Zollverein | German tariff policy est. 1834 | |
| 161439440 | Bourgeoisie | The middle class became the big deal in the Industrial Revolution. Upper bourgeoisie = great bankers, merchants, etc. Lower B = small industries, , merchants, and profesh men. | |
| 161439441 | New Wage Economy | families were less closely bound together than in the past; the economic link was broken | |
| 161439442 | Romanticism | A reaction against the rigid classism, rationalism and deism of the 18th century. It was different for everyone. Appealed to emotion rather than reason. | |
| 161439443 | Romantic Authors | Wordsworth, Coleridge, Burns, Byron, Shelley, Keats, Tennyson, Browning, Scott, Goethe, Schiller, Heine, Herder, Hugo, Balzac, Dumas, Stendahl, Pushkin, Dostoevski, Turgenev, Cooper, Irving, Emerson, Poe, Whitman and Thoreau. Just to name a few. | |
| 161439444 | Gothic Revival Style | Some awesome architecture in the Romantic period. | |
| 161439445 | Conservatism | Arose as a reaction to liberalism and became a popular alternative for those who were frightened by the violence and social disorder that erupted from the French Revolution. Only God and History were legit sources of political authority. The rights of people depended on the state they lived in. Society was hierarchical. |
