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| 210485989 | Bill of Rights (1689) | Drawn up by Parliament and presented to King William II and Queen Mary, it listed certain rights of the British people. It also limited the king's powers in taxing and prohibited the maintenance of a standing army in peacetime. It limited the power of the monarchy & guaranteed civil liberties to the English privileged class. Also prohibited the Roman Catholics from occupying the English throne. | |
| 210485990 | Cavaliers | In the English Civil War (1642-1647), these were the troops loyal to Charles II. Their opponents were the Roundheads, loyal to Parliament and Oliver Cromwell. | |
| 210485991 | Charles II (England) | He was the son of Charles I, he was welcomed back to England because the English were tired of the anarchy and loss of political freedoms associated with the Puritan Republic. | |
| 210485992 | Declaration of Indulgence (1672) | Suspended all laws against Roman Catholics and non-Anglican Protestants. | |
| 210485993 | Declaration of Indulgence (1687) | suspended all religious tests and permitting free worship. | |
| 210485994 | Oliver Cromwell | English military, political, and religious figure who led the Parliamentarian victory in the English Civil War (1642-1649) and called for the execution of Charles I. As lord protector of England (1653-1658) he ruled as a virtual dictator. | |
| 210485995 | English Civil War | Actions of Charles I: 1. Marrying a Catholic 2. Imposing taxation of questionable legality 3. Antagonizing the Scottish Calvinists/Presbyterians 4. Supporting Archbishop William Laud | |
| 210485996 | George I (England) | became the Elector of Hanover since England and Scotland had been combined in an Act of Union in 1707 | |
| 210485997 | Glorious Revolution (1688-1689) | a direct result of the fear that James II would establish a Catholic dynasty. It would see the Protestant daughter of James II, Mary II, and her husband William of Orange, invade England and be proclaimed the new monarchs. | |
| 210485998 | James I (England) | Son of Mary of Scots. He inherited a large royal debt and fiercely divided church. He expected to rule with a minimum of consultation beyond his own royal court. Advocated the divine rights of kings. Also known as King James VI of Scotland-United Kingdom. Started the Stuart dynasty. He would not replace the hierarchical episcopal system of the Church of England. | |
| 210485999 | James II (England) | Son of Charles I, and a devout Catholic. He argued the Anglicans by issuing the Declaration of Indulgence (1687). | |
| 210486000 | Archbishop William Laud | against the opposition of both the English Puritans and the Presbyterian Scots. He tried to impose on Scotland the English episcopal system and a prayer book almost identical to the Anglican Book of Common Prayer. | |
| 210486001 | Long Parliament (1640-1660) | Abolished the courts that enforced royal policy and prohibited the levying of new taxes without its consent. No more than three years should elapse between its meetings and that the king could not dissolve it without its own consent. | |
| 210486002 | Navigation Act (1651) | mandated that all English imports and exports had to be transported on English ships. Cromwell pushed this legislation through Parliament. | |
| 210486003 | Parliamentary Monarchy | a system in which the powers of a monarch are defined and limited by law. | |
| 210486004 | Petition of Right (1628) | required for the monarch to gain consent of Parliament before levying taxes or quartering soldiers. | |
| 210486005 | Political Absolutism | strong centralized monarchies that attempted to make royal power dominant over aristocracies and other regional authorities. | |
| 210486006 | Puritans | A religious group who wanted to purify the Church of England because they thought it was too Catholic. They came to America for religious freedom in 1620s. | |
| 210486007 | Roundheads | parliamentary opposition | |
| 210486008 | "Ship Money" | a tax that was re-instituted by Charles I. It required both coastal and inland countries to help pay the cost of ships for defense. | |
| 210486009 | Test Act (1672/1673) | required all civil and military officials of the crown to swear on oath against the doctrine of transubstantiation. | |
| 210486010 | Treaty of Dover | Charles II receives a subsidy from Louis XIV in exchange for his promise to announce his conversion to Catholicism. | |
| 210486011 | Robert Walpole | a powerful member of Parliament who has come to be recognized as the Prime Minister of England. | |
| 210486012 | William III of Orange/England | grandson of William the Silent and hereditary chief executive of Holland, the most important of the provinces, rallied the Dutch and eventually led the entire European coalition against France. |
