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| 21581434 | Nicholas II | Last tsar of Russia, he went to the frontlines in WWI to try to rally the troops, but was forced to abdicate after his wife made horrible decisions under the influence of Rasputin. | 0 | |
| 21581435 | Alexandra | Last Tsarist of Russia, had a son who was a hemophiliac, and was put under the influence of Rasputin, where he exploited her. Ended up causing the collapse of the Tsars | 1 | |
| 21581436 | Grigori Rasputin | a Siberian preacher who became friends of the Tsars, but hated by the public, twisted and cheated and exploited Alexandra. | 2 | |
| 21581437 | Alexander Kerensky | An agrarian socialist who became prime minister. He refused to confiscate land holdings and felt that continuation of war was most important. | 3 | |
| 21581438 | Anton Denikin | Lieutenant General of the Imperial Russian Army and foremost general for the White Russians in the Russian civil war. | 4 | |
| 21581439 | Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov (Lenin) | opponent of Tsarist Russia, began to immerse himself in Marxian socialist ideas as a law student. He then went on to form the Bolsheviks, and tried to start a revolution in July 1917. It failed, he went into hiding, but regrouped in Petrograd, where he and his partner Trotsky gained power. He then moved on government buildings, and was declared the head of the new Bolshevik government. | 5 | |
| 21581440 | Leon Trotsky | Supporter of Lenin who helped in the takeover of Petrograd and the Bolshevik revolution | 6 | |
| 21581441 | Nikolai Bukharin | Bolshevik revolutionary and political and intellectual thinker for Stalin. Supported the NEP | 7 | |
| 21581442 | Joseph Dzhugashvili (Stalin) | Dictator of Russia, named man of steel. Was of lowly backgrounds but rose to power. Only in it for himself. Created 5 year plans. | 8 | |
| 21581443 | Sergei Kirov | A Political opponent of Stalin's who was executed for being more popular that Stalin | 9 | |
| 21581444 | Benito Mussolini | Fascist Dictator of Italy that at first used bullying to gain power, then never had full power. | 10 | |
| 21581445 | Victor Emmanuel III | King of Italy who gave Mussolini legitimacy as dictator | 11 | |
| 21581446 | Heinrich Brüning | The German chancellor during the Weimar Republic who convinced the president to accept rule by decree | 12 | |
| 21581447 | Adolf Hitler | Austrian born Dictator of Germany, implement Fascism and caused WWII and Holocoust. | 13 | |
| 21581448 | Karl Lueger | Mayor of Vienna whom Hitler idolized | 14 | |
| 21581449 | Hermann Göring | A Nazi politician and president of the Reichstag | 15 | |
| 21581450 | Rudolf Hess | Deputy to Hitler in the Nazi party person who dictated Mein Kampf | 16 | |
| 21581451 | Joseph Goebbels | Chief minister of the Nazi propaganda, and organizer of Kristallnacht | 17 | |
| 21581452 | Paul von Hindenburg | President of the Weimar Republic of Germany who appointed Hitler Chancellor in 1933 | 18 | |
| 21581453 | Franz von Papen | Chancellor of Germany who succeeded Bruning | 19 | |
| 21581454 | Heinrich Himmler | Inhumane and cruel leader of the SS in Germany, appointed by Hitler | 20 | |
| 21581455 | Neville Chamberlain | Great British prime minister who advocated peace and a policy of appeasement | 21 | |
| 21581456 | Francisco Franco | Fascist leader of the Spanish revolution, helped by Hitler and Mussolini | 22 | |
| 21581457 | Antonio de Oliveira Salzar | served as the Prime Minister and dictator of Portugal from 1932 to 1968. He founded and led the Estado Novo ("New State"), the authoritarian, right-wing government that presided over and controlled Portugal from 1932 to 1974. | 23 | |
| 21581458 | Josef Pilsudaski | was the authoritarian ruler of the Second Polish Republic. From mid-World War I he was a major influence in Poland's politics, and an important figure on the broader European political scene. He is considered largely responsible for Poland regaining independence in 1918, after a hundred and twenty-three years of partitions | 24 | |
| 21581459 | Béla Kun | was a Hungarian Communist politician who ruled Hungary as leader of the short-lived Hungarian Soviet Republic in 1919 | 25 | |
| 21581460 | Elie Halévy | was a French philosopher and historian who wrote Era of Tyrannies, which talked about the different kinds of government and how they all stemmed out of nature of modern war. | 26 | |
| 21581461 | Henri-Philippe Pétain | French leader of the Vichy republic of France, which was essentially Nazi France. He is seen as a traitor to his people by some Frenchman. | 27 | |
| 21581462 | Reasons for Russian weakness | These were the reasons of bad leadership, and lack of organized or effective army | 28 | |
| 21581463 | Duma | Russia's lower house of politics | 29 | |
| 21581464 | Relationship between Alexandra & Rasputin / Rasputin's assassination | He used her to gain politically and to gain money for sex and drugs. He was then "assassinated" aka tried to be killed something like 8 times, then thrown in a river. | 30 | |
| 21581465 | Russian (March) Revolution/ Provisional Government | The revolution of the unplanned overthrowing of the Tsarist government, and the government that followed the revolution. | 31 | |
| 21581466 | Petrograd Soviet | the political party with whom the Provisional Government had to share power with | 32 | |
| 21581467 | Army Order Number 1 | Given by the Provisional Government, this stripped the army officers of power, and placed it in hand of elected committees. This collapsed army discipline | 33 | |
| 21581468 | Bolsheviks/Mensheviks | The two rival communists groups. One weree true revolutionary Marxists, and the other were revisionist socialists. | 34 | |
| 21581469 | Bolshevik (October) Revolution | Replaces the Provisional Government with Lenin's forces | 35 | |
| 21581470 | Treaty of Brest-Litovsk | Document that announced the withdrawal of Russia from WWI | 36 | |
| 21581471 | "White" forces | The opposition to the Bolsheviks and the Red army after the October rebellion and the Russian Revolution | 37 | |
| 21581472 | Reasons for Bolshevik victory | Three reasons: anarchy was about and any person could create power; the Bolsheviks had better leaders; the Bolsheviks appealed to many workers | 38 | |
| 21581473 | War Communism | The political idea that applied the total war concept on a civil conflict | 39 | |
| 21581474 | Cheka | The old Tsarist secret police | 40 | |
| 21581475 | Totalitarianism | is a concept used to describe political systems whereby a state regulates nearly every aspect of public and private life. These regimes or movements maintain themselves in political power by means of an official all-embracing ideology and propaganda disseminated through the state-controlled mass media, a single party that controls the state, personality cults, control over the economy, regulation and restriction of free discussion and criticism, the use of mass surveillance, and widespread use of state terrorism. These states always have to be at war with something | 41 | |
| 21581476 | Conservative Authoritarianism | Traditional form of antidemocratic government | 42 | |
| 21581477 | Radical Dictatorships | leaders who violently rejected parliamentary restraint and liberal values, as well as exercised unprecedented control over masses and sought to mobilize them for war. | 43 | |
| 21581478 | Kronstadt Rebels | Unsuccessful uprising of sailors, soldiers, and civilians against Russian government (against Bolsheviks) | 44 | |
| 21581479 | New Economic Policy | Lenin's economy reform that re-established economic freedom in an attempt to build agriculture and industry | 45 | |
| 21581480 | Stalin's rise | He was totally focused on himself, double and tripled crossed, rose by gaining support of party | 46 | |
| 21581481 | Five Year plans - objectives, methods & success | Objectives were to increase industrial output by 250% and agriculture output by 150% and have 1/5 of Russian peasants on collective farms. The methods were forced farming and scare tactics like gulags. The success was that of industry, which produced 4 times as much as before | 47 | |
| 21581482 | Soviet quality of life | Life was hard, there was no improvement in the average standard of living, but unemployment was unknown and communism had real appeal | 48 | |
| 21581483 | Collectivization | Putting smaller farms together into one large farm so as to increase productivity | 49 | |
| 21581484 | Kulaks | The well off peasants who were starved or shipped to the gulags | 50 | |
| 21581485 | Ukrainian Famine | The forced famine of Ukraine by Stalin over not producing enough grain | 51 | |
| 21581486 | Stalinization of culture | The acceptance of Stalin though propaganda | 52 | |
| 21581487 | Great Purges | Stalin's mass systemic murder of millions to instill fear and to have someone to fight against | 53 | |
| 21581488 | "Socialism in one country" | Idea that the Soviet Union had the ability to build socialism on its own | 54 | |
| 21581489 | Women in totalitarian states | They were given more rights and had complete equality of rights | 55 | |
| 21581490 | Comintern | was an international Communist organization founded in Moscow in March 1919. The International intended to fight "by all available means, including armed force, for the overthrow of the international bourgeoisie and for the creation of an international Soviet republic as a transition stage to the complete abolition of the State." | 56 | |
| 21581491 | Fascism | is a radical, authoritarian nationalist ideology that aims to create a single-party state with a government led by a dictator who seeks national unity and development by requiring individuals to subordinate self-interest to the collective interest of the nation or race. | 57 | |
| 21581492 | Mussolini's Rise - role of Black Shirts | These were Mussolini's bullies who pushed socialist out of Northern Italy | 58 | |
| 21581493 | Lateran Agreement | In this, Mussolini recognized the Vatican as an independent state, and gave it heavy financial support | 59 | |
| 21581494 | Hitler's Rise | Gained power through feeding off others, and promoting racist nationalist ideals. Gained control of the German Worker's Party, built his way up from there | 60 | |
| 21581495 | Beer Hall Putsch | An armed uprising in Munich of maybe 50 people at most, crushed, Hitler's idea | 61 | |
| 21581496 | Mein Kampf | Hitler's book in which he outlined his ideas on race, living space, and the Fuhrer | 62 | |
| 21581497 | Hitler's goals | He wanted to declare the superiority of Aryan race, create more living space for them, and make himself eternal supreme dictator for life | 63 | |
| 21581498 | Lebensraum | (German for "habitat" or literally "living space") served as a major motivation for Nazi Germany's territorial aggression. In his book Mein Kampf, Adolf Hitler detailed his belief that the German people needed Lebensraum (for a Grossdeutschland, land, and raw materials), and that it should be taken in the East. It was the stated policy of the Nazis to kill, deport, Germanize or enslave the Polish, and later also Russian and other Slavic populations, and to repopulate the land with reinrassig Germanic peoples. The entire urban population was to be exterminated by starvation, thus creating an agricultural surplus to feed Germany and allowing their replacement by a German upper class. | 64 | |
| 21581499 | Nazi racial theories | Felt that Aryan white people were most superior, Scandinavian were 2nd best, French were 3rd, and the slavs, jews, and pretty much the rest were the worst | 65 | |
| 21581500 | Reichstag fire & fallout | Hitler used this to launch his dictatorship and used this to give him power. It was a fire of a capital building | 66 | |
| 21581501 | Enabling Act | Gave Hitler absolute dictatorial power for 4 years | 67 | |
| 21581502 | Nuremburg Laws | Laws that classified a jew as someone having one or more jewish grandparent | 68 | |
| 21581503 | Kristallnacht | A night of violence and vandalism against Jews | 69 | |
| 21581504 | Hitler's Popularity - how popular & why | Hitler was popular for promising economic recovery and delivering | 70 | |
| 21581505 | Goldhagen Thesis | This said that ordinary Germans not only knew about, but also supported, the Holocaust because of a unique and virulent "eliminationist" anti-Semitism in the German identity, which had developed in the preceding centuries | 71 | |
| 21581506 | Rhineland remilitarization | when Germany moved into the Rhineland and beefed up the military, Britain and France still wanted appeasement and did nothing | 72 | |
| 21581507 | Appeasement | The idea that Britain could pacify Germany and make sure there was no war at any cost. | 73 | |
| 21581508 | Austrian Anschluss | The forceful union of Austria into Germany | 74 | |
| 21581509 | Hitler's Foreign Policy | Made friends with Italy, did stuff behind the table with Russia, and hated everyone else. | 75 | |
| 21581510 | Sudetenland | The area near Czechoslovakia that was mainly German ethnicity that Germany took. | 76 | |
| 21581511 | Munich Conference | An agreement/conference that gave Germany the Sudetenland | 77 | |
| 21581512 | Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis | The three countries of Italy, Germany, and Japan allied together | 78 | |
| 21581513 | Polish Corridor | The strip of Poland that the Germans wanted to take, specifically Danzig | 79 | |
| 21581514 | Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact | A secret agreement between the Germans and the Russians that said that they would not attack each other | 80 | |
| 21581515 | Grand Alliance - members & goals | The members of the Grand alliance were America, Britain, and the Soviet Union; their goals were to Smash the aggressors, Europe first, then Asia | 81 | |
| 21581516 | Course of WWII | First war in Europe, then war in Asia | 82 | |
| 21581517 | Dunkirk | A mass flee of British troops of the coast of France, disaster, lost thousands of machines and vehicles | 83 | |
| 21581518 | Stalingrad | Decisive battle in German invasion of Russia, the Germans were surrounded and systemically destroyed | 84 | |
| 21581519 | El Alamein | Combined German and Italian forces were beaten near Alexandria, which lead to the Allied taking of Morocco and Algeria | 85 | |
| 21581520 | Sicily | An important invasion that lead to the removal of Mussolini from government, only to have him put back later | 86 | |
| 21581521 | D-Day | The most important battle in the European part of the war, allies stormed beaches and made it through to the mainland, landing in France and moving towards Germany | 87 | |
| 21581522 | Midway | An important battle in the Asian part of the war, the Americans sank 4 Japanese aircraft carriers | 88 | |
| 21581523 | Iwo Jima | One of the Bloodiest battles in the war, a fight to the death for Japanese soldiers, as the Americans were coming closer to Japan | 89 | |
| 21581524 | Final Solution / Holocaust | was Nazi Germany's plan and execution of its systematic genocide against European Jewry during World War II, resulting in the final, most deadly phase of the Holocaust | 90 | |
| 21581525 | A-bombs - Hiroshima, Nagasaki | The final straw for the Japanese, resulting in millions of civilian and military death. Little Boy and Fat Man were used here. These flew on the plane "The Enola Gay" | 91 | |
| 21684673 | One man, one plan, one mustache | The amazing movie that dictates the life and failure of Hitler | 92 |
