Terms : Hide Images
| 86376659 | Black Death | The plague that ravaged europe | |
| 86376660 | Giovanni Boccacio | Wrote the Decameron reflicting on different people reactions to the black death | |
| 86376661 | The Decameron | Boccacio's book about reactions to the black death | |
| 86376662 | Flagellants | People who blamed their sins for the plague beat themselves in ritual penance | |
| 86376663 | taille | The direct tax of french peasantry | |
| 86376664 | Peasants Revolt of 1381 | English Peasant revolt to over taxation and war. | |
| 86376665 | Jacqueries | French peasant revolts due to the plague/ 100 years war and over taxation | |
| 86376666 | Fur-Collar crimes | Crimes by noblemen who realized they would make more money stealing | |
| 86376667 | 100 Years War | 1337-1453, English King asserted right to French Throne England owned French fiefs. Two large countries near each other. | |
| 86376668 | Edward III | Claimed French throne helped to start 100 years war | |
| 86376669 | Estates General | a representative council of townspeople clergy and nobles levied taxes but members eploited the king for own power | |
| 86376670 | The longbow | A weapon that revolutionized war. Long range, quick easy to carry. | |
| 86376671 | Battles of Crecy and Poiters | Two major English victories one over the French port of Crecy and one over Poiters. In Poiters the french king was captured. | |
| 86376672 | Peace of Bretigny- Calais | A truce brought on by exhaustion and coming on fo the black death. Between French and English | |
| 86376673 | Treaty of Troyes | Made Henry V the French Heir. But was ignored by the French. | |
| 86376674 | Henry V. | King who took over after Edward III. Sparked treaty of Troyes. Became French sucessor. But died a few months after the French King | |
| 86376675 | Joan of arc | A figurehead and rallying point for the French King and people. Was executed for being a heretic by the English | |
| 86376676 | Charles VII | Lead the French to reclaim land. Took his crown. Allowed for the death of joan of arc | |
| 86376677 | Battle of Orleans | French repulsed the English from Orleans behind Joan of Arc | |
| 86376678 | Pope Innocent III | Created the plenitude of power bringing strength to the pope and giving a papal monarchy | |
| 86376679 | Plentitude of power | Established papal monarchy created central monarch. Strengthened Pope politically | |
| 86376680 | Urban IV | Created a centralized Christian judicial system. Made the papacy more powerful. Rota Romana | |
| 86376681 | Rota Romana | Tightened and centralized Church legal proceedings. Taxation for church became a fixed institution. | |
| 86376682 | Renaissance | The rebirth of Europe after the dark ages | |
| 86376683 | City-state | Ruled by oligarchies, free to expand and absorb country nobility. | |
| 86376684 | Grandi | The old rich of Italy | |
| 86376685 | Popolo Grosso | The newly rich bankers, merchants and capitalists | |
| 86376686 | Popolo Minute | the little people or the poor lower economic class | |
| 86376687 | Ciomp Revolts | Uprisings of the poor from the conflict between the new and old rich, black death and the collapse of the banking houses of bardi and peruzzi, all leaving the poor more vulnerable. | |
| 86376688 | Cosimo de Medicci | wealthiest man of florence controlled the city from the inside. Manipulated the politics | |
| 86376689 | Signoria | A council in Florence of 8 men representing the major guilds. Cosimo de Medicci controlled the guild | |
| 86376690 | Lorenzo the Magnificent | Ruled Florence in almost a totalitarian fashion. Iron fist. he was a cautious ruler | |
| 86376691 | Condotierri | A mercenary army hired through military brokers | |
| 86376692 | humanism | The renaissance movement based on ancient greek and roman writing focusing on development of human needs and the focus of human studies and education. Hoping to go back to antiquity | |
| 86376693 | Studia humanitus | a liberal arts program of study embracing grammar, rhetoric, poetry, history, politics and moral philosophy. | |
| 86376694 | Leonardo Bruni | Gave the name humanitas to the learning that resulted from scholarly pursuits. Learned from Manuel Chrysoloras. | |
| 86376695 | Antiquity | Ancient times in Greece and Rome that the humanists were trying to return there countries 2. | |
| 86376696 | Petrarch | Father of humanism. Spent in Avignon. Popular revolt. Served the visconti Family. Letters to the Ancient Dead, tributes to famous romans. A collection of love letters to Laura. Liked Livy, Vergil and horace. | |
| 86376697 | Dante | Vita Nuova and Divine Comedy form cornerstone of italian vernacular. | |
| 86376698 | Pietro Paolo Vergerio | Wrote the most influential Renaissance tract on Education. Discussed studies being worthy of free men. | |
| 86376699 | Baldassar Castiglione | Book of the Courtier illustrates the rediscovered knowledge of the path both a model and a challenge tot he present. Embodies highest ideals of Italian humanism. Emphasized knowledge of language, history, athletics, military and musical skills. Good manners and high moral character | |
| 86376700 | Christine de Pisan | Noblewoman. Expert in classical, french and italian languages. lyric poetry. The treasure of the City of Ladies. | |
| 86376701 | Fall of Constantinople | Fell in 1453 to the Turks. Lead for the transfer of information of Greek knowledge and scholars to Florence and Italy. Especially Plato. | |
| 86376702 | Marsilio Ficino | Italian Humanist who ran the Florence Platonian Academy. Devoted the academy to the revival of Plato | |
| 86376703 | Pico della Mirandola | Same as ficino | |
| 86376704 | Platonism | distinguishes between an eternal sphere of being and the perishable world in which humans actually lived. Human reason believed to have preexisted in this pristine world and still to commune with it. Supported by mathematical and moral truths. | |
| 86376705 | Lorenzo Valla | Inspired protestants. Wrote a latin text about humanist learning. Explosive character | |
| 86376706 | Civic humanis | Education promoting individual virtue and public service. | |
| 86376707 | Leon Battista alberti | Florentine architect and builder and scholar of civic humanism. | |
| 86376708 | high renaissance | The time period from 1450-1527 when art, sculpture and education reached their peak during the renaissance. | |
| 86376709 | Chiaroscure | Art characterized by strong contrast between light and dark. | |
| 86376710 | Giotto | The father of renaissance painting. He painted a more natural world | |
| 86376711 | Masaccio | Another great renaissance painter known for his ability to paint 3-d and great line work | |
| 86376712 | leonardo | The true universal man. He was one fo the greatest painters of all time, advised princes on military engineering, he was a scientist, he dissected corpses, and botanist. He foresaw the submarine and the air plane. He painted the mona lisa. | |
| 86376713 | Raphael | Great painter and man of kindness. Painted the school of athens. Showed philosophers of antiquity bearing the features of Raphael's contemporaries. | |
| 86376714 | Michelangelo | Another famous renaissance man. Statue of david, sistine chapel. | |
| 86376715 | mannerism | A style of art making room for the stange and abnormal. Giving freer reign to individual perceptions and feelings of the artist. | |
| 86376716 | Treaty of Lodi | A treaty bringing together Milan and Naples and Florence in alliance. | |
| 86376717 | Alexander VI | A Borgia Pope who threatened Milan. Leading to the The French taking over Italy. | |
| 86376718 | Charles VIII | Respondid to Ludovico's call for aid. Conqured Florence, the papl states and Naples. Took over most fo Italy very quickly. Was given land to appease him to little avail. | |
| 86376719 | Girolamo Savonarola | Convinced the Florentines that the french arrival was long delayed. Justified divine vengeance on their immorality. Gave up florence. Once the french were kicked out he was executed in 1498. | |
| 86376720 | Ferdinand of Aragon | Created the league of Venice to defend himself from French/Italy axis. Put together Venice, the papl states, maximilian I and Ferdinand. He was the Spanish leader | |
| 86376721 | Julius II | Brought Renaissance papacy to peak of power. Warrior Pope. Shocked by secular pope. Secured Papal states. Formed Holy league. Claimed Pope's superiority. | |
| 86376722 | Borgia Family | A corrupt Italian family known for Cruelty and crimes when a member was the pope. | |
| 86376723 | Nicolo Machiavelli | Impressed by Roman nationalism and virtue. He emphasized nationalism and the adaptation of Roman ideals after the French destroyed much of Italy. He wrote the Prince. | |
| 86376724 | THe Prince | A pamphlet written by Machiavelli to express how a successful ruler would rule. | |
| 86376725 | "new monarchs" | Pushes for a national monarch and government lead to easier taxation and better standards of living. Gave countires a figure head to rally behind. Started controlling more and more lands. Led to towns being created. | |
| 86376726 | gabelle | Salt tax in France. Very unpopular. | |
| 86376727 | taille | Direct land tax on peasantry and nobles alike. | |
| 86376728 | Charles VII | Lead the French to reclaim land. Took his crown. Allowed for the death of joan of arc. Standing army. made great by those around him | |
| 86376729 | Burgundy | Was dissolved as a country and given to the French king. | |
| 86376730 | Louis XI | Helped centralize government was nicknamed after a spider for his political plots and conspiracies. | |
| 86376731 | Isabella of Castile | married Ferdinand and together they controleld their realms, ventured abroad and chistianized spain | |
| 86376732 | Hermandad | A league of towns and cities. | |
| 86376733 | converses | spanish term for jews | |
| 86376734 | moriscos | spanish term for muslims | |
| 86376735 | war of the roses | The splitting of york and lancaster. Forced deposition of king Richard II. People of York ended up taking over | |
| 86376736 | Henry VII | Disciplined nobility and put together a system for the governement that would work for 200 years | |
| 86376737 | Court of the Star Chamber | created to stop nobles from over stepping their power and boundaries. | |
| 86376738 | justices of the peace | government officials in charge of keeping peace in certain regions | |
| 86376739 | Golden bull | Agreement of German territorial rulers creating union in the empire. Electoral college of mainz, trier, cologny, saxony, brandenburg, palatine and bohemia. | |
| 86376740 | The Northern Renaissance | Stimulated by Italians and a need to seperate from Italy. Developed own distinctive culture. | |
| 86376741 | Printing Press | One of the first methods of printing books invented by Gutenberg | |
| 86376742 | Johann Gutenberg | Inventor of the printing press | |
| 86376743 | Desiderius Erasmus | The most famous northern humanist. Famous as an educational and religious reformer. | |
| 86376744 | Christian Humanism | Humanist beliefs while still remaining loyal to god and a good christian | |
| 86376745 | Johann Reuchlin | Foremost authority on Hebrew and Jewish learning. Wrote Hebrew grammarand was attracte dto Jewish mysticism | |
| 86376746 | Thomas More | Best known English humanist. Wrote Utopia. | |
| 86376747 | Utopia 1516 | A conservative criticism of contemporary society. | |
| 86376748 | Prince Henry the Navigator | Captured te North African Muslim city of Ceuta. His motives were mercenary and religious. Both a quest for gold and spices and the pious owrk of saving the souls of Muslims and pagans who had no knowledge of Christ. | |
| 86376749 | Bartholomew Dias | Pioneered eastern Portuguese Empire after safely rounding the Capte of Good Hope. | |
| 86376750 | VAsco da Gama | Stood on the shores of India for portugal. Carried spices. | |
| 86376751 | Chris Columbus | Sailed for Spain. Landed in San SAlvador. Met Natives. | |
| 86376752 | Amerigo Vespucci | went to America. Searchign for a westward route. | |
| 86376753 | Aztecs | At first were peaceful natives of south Africa. Ended up confronting the Spanish leading to their deaths. | |
| 86376754 | Hernan Cortes | Landed in Mexico. Slaughtered the Aztecs for gold. Gave disease | |
| 86376755 | Incas | In peru. Pizarro took over. Killed many. Held ransom for gold. All in all were slaughtered. | |
| 86376756 | Francisco Pizzaro | Taking Cortes as an example he took the incan ruler captive and held him for ransom slaughtering hundreds. | |
| 86376757 | Las Casas | Defended native population in the New World. Was shunned and ignored for it. Tried to protect them | |
| 86376758 | Black Legend | The idea that the Spanish were treating the Incans and natives inhumanely. | |
| 86376759 | Conquistadores | Groups of Spanish soldiers looking for gold and ended up getting silver in the Americas. | |
| 86376760 | Hacienda | Large landed estates owned by people born in Spain or of Spanish descent in America. | |
| 86376761 | encomienda | A formal grant of the right to the labor of a specific number of Indians, usually a few hundred. | |
| 86376762 | Repartimiento | The requirement of Indians to daily labor devoted to the spanish cause | |
| 86376763 | Fugger Family | A powerful Banker of the holy roman empire. Lended lots of money to many people. |
