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| 741604414 | Lenin and the bolsheviks new political and economic policies during the Russian Civil War | -Abolition of private Property -Bolshevik dictatorship -Cheka -War Communism | |
| 741604415 | Lenin's New Economic policy of 1921 | restored economic freedom -Tolerate Private enterprise -Peasants can sell their grain in the open market and have to pay taxes | |
| 741604416 | When did Lenin die? | 1924 | |
| 741604417 | Leon Trotsky | -A leader of the Bolshevik Revolution alongside Lenin and stalin; He was in charge of the red army (1917) - he was later expelled from the Communist Party (1927) and banished (1929) for his opposition to the authoritarianism of Stalin | |
| 741604418 | Joseph Stalin | Russian leader who succeeded Lenin as head of the Communist Party and created a totalitarian state by purging all opposition (1879-1953) | |
| 741604419 | Internationalist | a person who believes that nations should act as a community and should interact with one another peacefully and cooperatively | |
| 741604420 | Trotsky's Internationalist concept of the communist revolution | -Urged rapid industrialization financed through the expropriation of farm production -Agriculture should be collectivized and the peasants should be made to pay for industrialization -revolution in Russia could only work if new revolutions took place elsewhere | |
| 741604421 | "Socialism in one country" | -Stalin's program to build a self-sufficient Communist state based on industrial production. -Socialism could be achieved in russia alone. | |
| 741604422 | Stalin gained control over the Communist party of the Soviet Union | 1940 | |
| 741604423 | Comintern | Was an international communist organization founded in March of 1919 by Lenin, this thing wanted to overthrow the international Bourgeoisie and create a socialist state. | |
| 741604424 | Split between communist and social democrats outside of Russia | The comintern sought to destroy democratic socialism and the decision whether to accept these conditions split every major european socialist party | |
| 741604425 | policies implemented by the bolsheviks regarding the place of women in society | -Expansion of sexual freedom and radical sharing of tasks about the home between wives and husbands -Divorce become easier -Legitimate and illegitimate children had the same rights -More protection in the workplace and marriage | |
| 741604426 | Five year plans | Plans that Joseph Stalin introduced to industrialize the Soviet Union rapidly, beginning in 1928. They set goals for the output of steel, electricity, machinery, and most other products and were enforced by the police powers of the state. | |
| 741604427 | Lenins NEP | -Peasant farmers kept grains off the market in hopes to raise prices -hoarding | |
| 741604428 | Kulaks | Prosperous Russian Peasents that - under Stalin - were sent to Labor Camps as punishment for being succesful | |
| 741604429 | Collectivization | system in which private farms were eliminated, instead, the government owned all the land while the peasants worked on it. | |
| 741604430 | Effects of collectivization on peasants | -Famine -Sabotage (slaughtered millions of horses and cattle) -hoarding and bartering -Black market -Peasants grew food in tiny plots | |
| 741604431 | Ukrainian Holodomor | -Stalin starved the people in the ukraine because the Gosplan found out that they were hoarding food. -Manmade Famine, Millions died. - 1932-1933 | |
| 741604432 | The great purges | Widespread arrests and executions of over a million people by Stalin between 1936 and 1938, attempting to eliminate all opposition to his rule of the Soviet Union | |
| 741604433 | Fate of enemies of the party | -convicted & arrested -Expelled from the party -Sent to labour camps (Gulag) | |
| 741604434 | Fascist Ideology | -Extreme Social Darwinism -Militarism and warhawking -Authoritarianism -Anti-Democratic -Anti-communist -Anti-intellectual - The State > Other concerns - State supervised Capitalism -Scapegoating "enemies of the nation" -Rejection of "decadent" values | |
| 741604435 | Fascist methods | -Political violence and thuggery -Cronyism and corruption -Propaganda and symbolism -Youth education | |
| 741604436 | Why? (Fascism) | -Failure of versailles -Disillusionment, depression and disorder -weak democratic gov't | |
| 741604437 | Where? (Fascism) | -Italy (1st) -Germany -Spain -Small parties elsewhere | |
| 741604438 | election of 1921 | -Italian voters sent Mussolini and 34 of his followers to the Chamber of Deputies. Their importance grew as the local fascist gained more direct power -Movement had hundreds of thousands of supporters | |
| 741604439 | March on Rome of 1922 | Fascists dressed in their characteristic black shirts, began a rather haphazard march on rome. King Victor Emmanuel III refused to sign a decree that authorized the army to stop the marchers. In protest the cabinet resigned, and on october 29, the monarch telegraphed Mussolini asking him to be prime minister, and he came to rome the next day. | |
| 741604440 | Lateran Accord of 1929 | Through this the Roman Catholic Church and the Italian state made peace and this agreement recognized the pope as the temporal ruler of Vatican City, the state recognized catholicism as the religion of the nation, exempted the church lands from taxes, and allowed church law to govern marriages. | |
| 741604441 | fascist and women | -Encouraged women to have more children -Maternity leaves -Insurance -Subsidies to large families -outlawed contraception and abortion -Made it more difficult for women to limit the size of their families -Mothers were expected to see that their children attended fascist school programs | |
| 741604442 | Corporatism | a political system in which interest groups become an institutionalized part of the state or dominant political party | |
| 741604443 | Weimar Republic | the republic that was established in Germany in 1919 and ended in 1933 | |
| 741604444 | Structure of the Weimar Republic | -Guaranteed civil liberties and provided for direct election, by universal suffrage, of the parliament, the Reichstag, and the president. -President appointed and removed the chancellor -allows the president to rule by decree in an emergency | |
| 741604445 | stabbed in the back | -Attributed Germany's losing the war to the public's failure to respond to its patriotic sense at the most crucial of times and to intentional sabotaging of the war effort, particularly by Jews, Socialists, and Bolsheviks | |
| 741604446 | Ruhr Valley Crises | In 1922, Germany, faced with financial problems, announced that it was unable to pay any more of the 132 billion marks that it owed. France was outraged and sent troops to occupy the Ruhr Valley, Germany's chief industrial and mining center in order to operate and use the Ruhr mines and factories to collect the reparations | |
| 741604447 | Outcomes of Ruhr Valley | -Hyperinflation -Dawes plan, 1924 -Locarno agreements, 1925 | |
| 741604448 | Beer hall putsch of 1923 | In 1923 the Nazis attempted to overthrow the government in Munich. It was a total failure, and Hitler received a brief prison sentence during which time he wrote Mein Kampf. | |
| 741604449 | Dawes plan | A plan to revive the German economy, the United States loans Germany money which then can pay reparations to England and France, who can then pay back their loans from the U.S. This circular flow of money was a success. | |
| 741604450 | Locarno agreements | France and Germany both accept the western frontier as legitimate; It also allowed Britain and Italy to intervene if one side violated the agreement or if Germany sent troops into the Rhineland. As a result: - Germany: respectability and a guarantee against another Ruhr occupation in the East. - Britain: allowed to play a more evenhanded role. - Italy: recognized as a great power. - France: Germans accept the permanence of their western front. | |
| 741604451 | The Reichstag fire of february, 1933 | Hitler declares emergency powers | |
| 741604452 | Enabling Act, 1933 | -Hitler dissolves the Reichstag | |
| 741604453 | Purge of the SA ( Night of long knives) | Hitler tries and executes leaders of SA whom he thought might turn on him. | |
| 741604454 | the SS | Hitler's personal nazi army, aka brown shirts | |
| 741604455 | Nuremberg Laws of 1935 | Laws directed against Jews, kept them out of public service, disallowed them to marry non-Jews, made them non-citizens. | |
| 741604456 | Kristallnacht | Night of Broken Glass, Nov 9 1938 night when the Nazis killed or injured many jews & destroyed many jewish propertys | |
| 742368797 | popular front | was the French political alliance that allied the Communists, the Socialists, and the Radicals together. | |
| 743035410 | sinn fein | An Irish republican political movement founded in 1905 to promote independence from England and unification of Ireland. IRA (Irish republican Army) | |
| 743035411 | irish free state | created by the British parliament in January 22. Made Ireland a dominion within the British Commonwealth but many Irish republicans still wanted severance of all formal ties to Britain and creation of a republic. |
